{"id":1851,"date":"2021-07-27T05:09:25","date_gmt":"2021-07-27T00:39:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/kowsarmedical.com\/?p=1851"},"modified":"2021-07-29T02:03:53","modified_gmt":"2021-07-28T21:33:53","slug":"skull-anatomy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/staging.kowsarmedical.com\/fa\/skull-anatomy\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0622\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u062c\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0647\/ skull-anatomy\/ \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0622\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0622\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u062c\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u060c\ufe9f\ufee4\ufea0\ufee4\ufeea \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648 \ufe91\ufea8\ufeb6 \ufef3\ufedc\ufef0 \ufedb\ufeae\u0627\ufee7\ufef4\ufeee\u0645 (\ufedb\ufeea \ufee3\ufed0\ufeb0 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \ufe91\ufeae \ufee3\ufef0 \ufb94\ufef4\ufeae\u062f) \u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufeeb\ufe8e\u064a \ufebb\ufeee\u0631\u062a \ufe97\ufeb8\ufedc\ufef4\ufede \ufeb7\ufeaa\u0647 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96.\ufedb\ufeae\u0627\ufee7\ufef4\ufeee\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \ufe97\ufeae\ufedb\ufef4\ufe90 \u0668 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufe97\ufeb8\ufedc\ufef4\ufede \ufee3\ufef0 \ufb94\ufeae\u062f\u062f \u0648 \ufe97\ufecc\ufeaa\u0627\u062f \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufeeb\ufe8e\u064a \ufebb\ufeee\u0631\u062a \u0661\u0664 \u0648 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\ufee7\ufb7d\ufeea \ufeeb\ufe8e\u064a \ufb94\ufeee\u0634 \ufee7\ufef4\ufeb0 \u0666 \ufecb\ufeaa\u062f \ufee3\ufef0 \ufe91\ufe8e\ufeb7\ufee8\ufeaa<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ufe9f\ufee4\ufea0\ufee4\ufeea \ufee3\ufed0\ufeb0 \u0648 \u0627\u0631\ufb94\ufe8e\u0646 \ufeeb\ufe8e\u064a \ufea3\ufeb4\ufef0 \u0648\ufef3\ufb8b\u0647 (\ufeb7\ufee8\ufeee\u0627\ufef3\ufef0\u060c \ufe91\ufef4\ufee8\ufe8e\ufef3\ufef0\u060c \ufb7c\ufeb8\ufe8e\ufef3\ufef0\u060c \ufe91\ufeee\ufef3\ufe8e\ufef3\ufef0) \u0631\u0627 \ufee3\ufea4\ufe8e\ufed3\ufec8\ufe96 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufedb\ufee8\ufeaa. \ufe97\ufee4\ufe8e\ufee3\ufef0 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufeeb\ufe8e\u064a \ufe9f\ufee4\ufea0\ufee4\ufeea \ufecf\ufef4\ufeae \ufee3\ufe98\ufea4\ufeae\ufedb\ufee8\ufeaa \ufe91\ufea0\ufeb0 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufee3\ufee8\ufeaa\ufef3\ufe92\ufede \ufef3\ufe8e \ufed3\ufeda \ufe97\ufea4\ufe98\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0. \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufeeb\ufe8e\u064a \ufe9f\ufee4\ufea0\ufee4\ufeea \ufe97\ufeee\ufeb3\ufec2 \u062f\u0631\u0632\ufeeb\ufe8e \ufe91\ufeea \ufeeb\ufee4\ufeaa\ufef3\ufb95\ufeae \u0648\ufebb\ufede \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufeee\ufee7\ufeaa.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0\u0622\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u062c\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0647 \/\u062c\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641:<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062f\u0631 \ufee7\ufeee\u0632\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0646 \ufea3\ufeaa \ufed3\ufe8e\ufebb\ufede \ufe91\ufef4\ufee6 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufeeb\ufe8e\ufef3\ufef0 \ufedb\ufeea \ufeeb\ufee8\ufeee\u0632 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\ufee7\ufef0 \ufee7\ufeb8\ufeaa\u0647 \u0627\ufee7\ufeaa \ufecf\ufeb8\ufe8e\ufef3\ufef0 \u0627\u0632 \ufe91\ufe8e\ufed3\ufe96 \ufeeb\ufee4\ufe92\ufee8\ufeaa \u0648\ufe9f\ufeee\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \ufe91\ufeea \u0627\ufef3\ufee6 \ufee7\ufed8\ufe8e\u0637 \ufee7\ufeae\u0645 \ufed3\ufeee\ufee7\ufe98\ufe8e\ufee7\ufede \ufef3\ufe8e \ufee3\ufefc\u062c \ufb94\ufeee\ufef3\ufee8\ufeaa. \u062f\u0631\u0632 \ufedb\ufeae\u0648\ufee7\ufe8e\u0644\u060c \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufed3\ufeae\u0648\ufee7\ufe98\ufe8e\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufb58\ufe8e\u0631\ufef3\ufe98\ufe8e\u0644 \ufe9f\ufeaa\u0627 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufedb\ufee8\ufeaa.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ufe91\ufe8e\ufed3\ufe96 \ufeeb\ufee4\ufe92\ufee8\ufeaa\u064a \ufedb\ufeea \ufee3\ufe8e \ufe91\ufef4\ufee6 \u0622\ufee7\ufeec\ufe8e \ufed7\ufeae\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \ufedf\ufeee\u0632\u064a \ufeb7\ufedc\ufede \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96 \ufedb\ufeea \ufe91\ufeea \u0622\u0646 \ufed3\ufeee\ufee7\ufe98\ufe8e\ufee7\ufede \ufed7\ufeaa\u0627\ufee3\ufef0 \ufb94\ufeee\ufef3\ufee8\ufeaa \ufedb\ufeea \ufeeb\ufee4\ufeae\u0627\u0647 \ufe91\ufe8e \ufebf\ufeae\ufe91\ufe8e\u0646 \ufed7\ufee0\ufe90 \ufee7\ufeee\u0632\u0627\u062f \ufe91\ufe8e\ufefb \u0648 \ufb58\ufe8e\ufef3\ufef4\ufee6 \ufee3\ufef0 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0631 \ufeb3\ufee6 \u0661\u0668 \ufee3\ufe8e\ufeeb\ufb95\ufef0 \u0627\ufef3\ufee6 \ufed3\ufeee\ufee7\ufe98\ufe8e\ufee7\ufede \ufe91\ufeb4\ufe98\ufeea \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufeee\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\ufed3\ufeee\ufee7\ufe98\ufe8e\ufee7\ufede \u0627\ufedb\ufeb4\ufef4\ufb59\ufef4\ufe98\ufe8e\u0644:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062f\u0631 \ufee7\ufe8e\ufea3\ufef4\ufeea \ufb58\ufeb2 \ufeb3\ufeae\u064a \ufed7\ufeae\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0631 \ufeb3\ufee8\ufef4\ufee6 \u0662 \ufee3\ufe8e\ufeeb\ufb95\ufef0 \ufe91\ufeb4\ufe98\ufeea \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufeee\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0631\u0632\ufeeb\ufe8e \u0627\ufe91\ufe98\ufeaa\u0627 \ufe97\ufeee\ufeb3\ufec2 \ufe91\ufe8e\ufed3\ufe96 \ufecf\ufec0\ufeae\u0648\ufed3\ufef0 \ufe91\ufeec\ufee2 \ufee3\ufe98\ufebc\ufede \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufeee\ufee7\ufeaa<\/li>\n<li>\u0648 \u0627\ufe9f\ufe8e\u0632\u0647 \u0631\ufeb7\ufeaa \ufe91\ufeea \ufee3\ufed0\ufeb0 \ufee3\ufef0 \u062f\ufeeb\ufee8\ufeaa.<\/li>\n<li>\ufeb3\ufeae\u0627\ufee7\ufea0\ufe8e\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \ufeb3\ufee6 \u0662\u0665 \ufeb3\ufe8e\ufedf\ufb95\ufef0 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\ufee7\ufef0 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufeee\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062f\u0627\ufea7\ufede \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufeeb\ufe8e\u064a \ufe9f\ufee4\ufea0\ufee4\ufeea \u0648 \ufebb\ufeee\u0631\u062a \ufef3\ufedc\ufeb4\ufeae\u064a \ufed3\ufec0\ufe8e\ufeeb\ufe8e\ufef3\ufef0 \ufe91\ufee8\ufe8e\u0645 \ufeb3\ufef4\ufee8\ufeee\u0633 \u0648\ufe9f\ufeee\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \ufedb\ufeea \u0648\ufec7\ufe8e\ufef3\ufed2 \ufee3\ufea8\ufe98\ufee0\ufed4\ufef0 \u062f\u0627\u0631\ufee7\ufeaa \ufedb\ufeea \ufe91\ufe8e\ufecb\ufe9a \ufeb3\ufe92\ufedc\ufef0 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\ufef3\ufea0\ufe8e\u062f \u0631\u0632\ufee7\ufe8e\ufee7\ufeb2 \ufebb\ufeee\ufe97\ufef0 \u0648 \ufb94\ufeae\u0645 \u0648 \ufee3\ufeae\ufec3\ufeee\u0628 \ufeb7\ufeaa\u0646 \ufeeb\ufeee\u0627 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufeee\ufee7\ufeaa.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-3325 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/kowsarmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Skull-Anatomy-02.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"900\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/staging.kowsarmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Skull-Anatomy-02.jpg 900w, https:\/\/staging.kowsarmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Skull-Anatomy-02-300x167.jpg 300w, https:\/\/staging.kowsarmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Skull-Anatomy-02-768x427.jpg 768w, https:\/\/staging.kowsarmedical.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/Skull-Anatomy-02-600x333.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00a0\u0622\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u062c\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0647 \/ \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufeeb\ufe8e\u0649 \ufe9f\ufee4\ufea0\ufee4\ufeea:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufeeb\ufe8e\u064a \ufe9f\ufee4\ufea0\ufee4\ufeea \ufeb7\ufe8e\ufee3\ufede \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufeeb\ufe8e\u064a \ufee7\ufe8e\ufea3\ufef4\ufeea \ufeb3\ufeae \u0648 \ufebb\ufeee\u0631\u062a \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96 \ufedb\ufeea \ufe91\ufeea \ufe97\ufeae\ufe97\ufef4\ufe90 \u0668 \u0648 \u0661\u0664 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufe91\ufe8e\ufeb7\ufeaa.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0622\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u062c\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0647 \/ \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\ufee7\ufeec\ufe8e\u064a \ufee7\ufe8e\ufea3\ufef4\ufeea \ufeb3\ufeae \ufeb7\ufe8e\ufee3\ufede \ufb7c\ufeec\ufe8e\u0631 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufed3\ufeae\u062f \ufe91\ufee8\ufe8e\u0645 \ufeeb\ufe8e\u06cc \u0630\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u00a0(Frontal)<\/li>\n<li>\ufb58\ufeae\u0648\ufef3\ufeb0\ufee7\ufef0\u00a0(Ethmoid)<\/li>\n<li>\u067e\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u00a0(Spenoid)<\/li>\n<li>\u067e\u0633 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u00a0(Occipital)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u0648\u062c \u0633\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0630\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0622\u0647\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u00a0(Parietal)<\/li>\n<li>\u06af\u06cc\u062c\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u00a0(Temporal)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufeeb\ufe8e\u064a \ufeb3\ufeae \ufec3\ufeee\u0631\u064a \ufe91\ufe8e \ufeeb\ufee4\ufeaa\ufef3\ufb95\ufeae <a href=\"https:\/\/kowsarmedical.com\">\ufee3\ufed4\ufebc\ufede<\/a> \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufeee\ufee7\ufeaa \ufedb\ufeea \u062f\u0631 \ufee3\ufef4\ufe8e\u0646 \ufea7\ufeee\u062f \ufea3\ufed4\ufeae\u0647 \u0627\u064a \u0631\u0627 \u0627\ufef3\ufea0\ufe8e\u062f \ufee3\ufef0 \ufedb\ufee8\ufee8\ufeaa \ufe91\ufee8\ufe8e\u0645 \ufea3\ufed4\ufeae\u0647 \ufee3\ufed0\ufeb0\u064a (cranial fossa) \ufedb\ufeea \ufee7\ufef4\ufee4\ufedc\ufeae\u0647 \ufeeb\ufe8e\u064a \ufee3\ufed0\ufeb0\u064a \u0648 \ufee3\ufea8\ufb7d\ufeea \u0627\u064a \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\ufea7\ufede \u0622\u0646 \ufed7\ufeae\u0627\u0631 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufb94\ufef4\ufeae\ufee7\ufeaa. \u0627\ufef3\ufee6 \ufea3\ufed4\ufeae\u0647 \ufe91\ufeea \ufeb3\ufeea \ufe91\ufea8\ufeb6 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\ufed7\ufeaa\u0627\ufee3\ufef0<\/li>\n<li>\ufee3\ufef4\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0<\/li>\n<li>\ufea7\ufee0\ufed4\ufef0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00a0\u0622\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u062c\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0647 \/ \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufeeb\ufe8e\u064a \ufb58\ufef4\ufeb8\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0<\/strong>\u00a0:(Frontal)<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062f\u0631 \ufee7\ufe8e\ufea3\ufef4\ufeea \ufb58\ufef4\ufeb8\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \u0648\u0627\ufed7\ufeca \ufeb7\ufeaa\u0647 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96 \u0627\ufef3\ufee6 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648 \ufe91\ufea8\ufeb6 \ufecb\ufee4\ufeee\u062f\u064a (\ufebb\ufeaa\ufed3\ufef0) \u0648 \u0627\ufed3\ufed8\ufef0 (\ufedb\ufe8e\ufeb3\ufeea \ufb7c\ufeb8\ufee4\ufef0) \ufe97\ufeb8\ufedc\ufef4\ufede \ufeb7\ufeaa\u0647 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96. \ufe91\ufea8\ufeb6 \ufecb\ufee4\ufeee\u062f\u064a\u060c \ufed7\ufeb4\ufee4\ufe96 \ufed7\ufeaa\u0627\ufee3\ufef0 \ufea3\ufed4\ufeae\u0647 \ufee3\ufed0\ufeb0\u064a \u0631\u0627 \ufee3\ufea4\ufeaa\u0648\u062f \ufee3\ufef0 \ufedb\ufee8\ufeaa \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \ufecb\ufed8\ufe90 \ufe91\ufe8e \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufeeb\ufe8e\u064a \u0622\ufeeb\ufef4\ufe8e\ufee7\ufeea \u0648 \ufe91\ufe8e\u0644 \ufe91\ufeb0\u0631\u06af \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufb58\ufeae\u0648\u0627\ufee7\ufeea \u0627\u064a \ufee3\ufed4\ufebc\ufede \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufeee\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062f\u0631 \ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \ufea7\ufe8e\u0631\ufe9f\ufef0 \ufe91\ufea8\ufeb6 \ufecb\ufee4\ufeee\ufee3\ufef0 \u062f\u0631 \ufeeb\ufeae \ufec3\ufeae\u0641 \ufe91\ufeae\ufe9f\ufeb4\ufe98\ufb95\ufef0\u00a0frontal tuberosity\u00a0\u0648 \u062f\u0631 \ufb58\ufe8e\ufef3\ufef4\ufee6 \u0622\u0646 \ufed7\ufeee\u0633 \ufed3\ufeee\u0642 \u0627\ufe91\ufeae\u0648\ufef3\ufef0\u00a0Supercilliari arch\u00a0\u0648\u0627\ufed7\ufeca \ufeb7\ufeaa\u0647 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ufed7\ufeee\u0633 \ufeeb\ufe8e \u062f\u0631 \ufea7\ufec2 \u0648\ufeb3\ufec2 \ufe91\ufeea \ufeeb\ufee4\ufeaa\ufef3\ufb95\ufeae \ufee3\ufef0 \u0631\ufeb3\ufee8\ufeaa \u0648 \ufe91\ufeae\u0622\ufee3\ufeaa\ufb94\ufef0 \ufb94\ufefc\ufe91\ufefc\u00a0Glabella\u00a0\u0631\u0627 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb3\ufe8e\u0632\ufee7\ufeaa \ufedb\ufeea \u062f\u0631 \ufecb\ufee4\ufed6 \u0627\ufef3\ufee6 \ufe91\ufeae\u0622\ufee3\ufeaa\ufb94\ufef0 \ufeb3\ufef4\ufee8\ufeee\u0633 \ufb58\ufef4\ufeb8\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \ufed7\ufeae\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \ufe91\ufea8\ufeb6 \u0627\ufed3\ufed8\ufef0 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \ufed7\ufeb4\ufee4\ufe96 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96 \ufedb\ufeea \ufe97\ufeee\ufeb3\ufec2 \ufe91\ufeae\ufef3\ufeaa\ufb94\ufef0\u00a0U\u00a0\ufeb7\ufedc\ufede \u0627\u0632 \ufeeb\ufee4\ufeaa\ufef3\ufb95\ufeae \ufe9f\ufeaa\u0627 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufeee\ufee7\ufeaa.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \ufed3\ufeee\ufed7\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \ufe91\ufea8\ufeb6 \u0627\ufed3\ufed8\ufef0\u060c \ufed7\ufeb4\ufee4\ufe96 \ufed7\ufeaa\u0627\ufee3\ufef0 \ufedb\ufed2 \ufea3\ufed4\ufeae\u0647 \ufee3\ufed0\ufeb0\u064a \u0631\u0627 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb3\ufe8e\u0632\u062f \u0648 \ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \ufe97\ufea4\ufe98\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \u0622\u0646 \ufed7\ufeb4\ufee4\ufe96 \u0627\ufecb\ufec8\ufee2 \ufeb3\ufed8\ufed2 \ufedb\ufe8e\ufeb3\ufeea \ufb7c\ufeb8\ufee2 \u0631\u0627 \ufe97\ufeb8\ufedc\ufef4\ufede \ufee3\ufef0 \u062f\ufeeb\ufeaa.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062f\u0631 \ufe91\ufea8\ufeb6 \ufed7\ufeaa\u0627\ufee3\ufef0 \ufea7\ufe8e\u0631\ufe9f\ufef0 \ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \ufe97\ufea4\ufe98\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \ufed3\ufeae\u0648\u0631\ufed3\ufe98\ufb95\ufef0 \u0648\ufe9f\ufeee\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \ufedb\ufeea \ufe9f\ufe8e\ufef3\ufb95\ufe8e\u0647 \ufecf\ufeaa\u0647 \u0627\ufeb7\ufedc\ufef0 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufe91\ufe8e\ufeb7\ufeaa. \u0627\ufef3\ufee6 \ufe91\ufea8\ufeb6 \u062f\u0631 \ufe9f\ufee0\ufeee \ufe91\ufe8e \ufed7\ufeb4\ufee4\ufe96 \ufecb\ufee4\ufeee\u062f\u064a \ufef3\ufedc\ufef0 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufeee\u062f \u0648 \ufedf\ufe92\ufeea \ufed3\ufeee\ufed7\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \ufea3\ufed4\ufeae\u0647 \ufedb\ufe8e\ufeb3\ufeea \ufb7c\ufeb8\ufee2 \u0631\u0627 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb3\ufe8e\u0632\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \ufecb\ufed8\ufe90 \ufe91\ufe8e \ufe91\ufe8e\u0644 \ufedb\ufeee\ufb7c\ufeda \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufb58\ufeae\u0648\u0627\ufee7\ufeea \u0627\u064a \ufee3\ufed4\ufebc\ufede \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufeee\u062f.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0622\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u062c\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0647 \/ \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufb58\ufeae\u0648\ufef3\ufeb0\u0648\ufee7\ufef2 :(ethmoid)<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\ufee7\ufef0 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96 \ufedb\ufeea \ufe97\ufed8\ufeae\ufef3\ufe92\ufe8e\u064b \ufe91\ufeea \ufeb7\ufedc\ufede \ufe97\ufeae\u0627\u0632\u0648 \ufedb\ufeea \u062f\u0631 \ufe91\ufeae\ufef3\ufeaa\ufb94\ufef0 U \ufeb7\ufedc\ufede \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufed3\ufeae\u0648\ufee7\ufe98\ufe8e\u0644 \ufed7\ufeae\u0627\u0631 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufb94\ufef4\ufeae\u062f. \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064a \ufef3\ufeda \ufebb\ufed4\ufea4\ufeea \ufecb\ufee4\ufeee\u062f\u064a \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96 \ufedb\ufeea \ufe91\ufeea \u0627\ufe97\ufed4\ufe8e\u0642 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \u0648\ufee3\ufeae \ufed7\ufeb4\ufee4\ufe98\ufef0 \u0627\u0632 \ufe97\ufef4\ufed0\ufeea \ufee3\ufef4\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \ufe91\ufef4\ufee8\ufef0 \u0631\u0627 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb3\ufe8e\u0632\u062f \u0648 \ufef3\ufeda \ufebb\ufed4\ufea4\ufeea \u0627\ufed3\ufed8\ufef0 \ufedb\ufeea \u062f\u0631 \ufed7\ufeb4\ufee4\ufe96 \ufed3\ufeee\ufed7\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \ufebb\ufed4\ufea4\ufeea \ufecb\ufee4\ufeee\u062f\u064a \u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\ufed7\ufeca \ufeb7\ufeaa\u0647 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96. \ufebb\ufed4\ufea4\ufeea \ufecb\ufee4\ufeee\u062f\u064a \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \ufe91\ufeea \u062f\u0648 \ufed7\ufeb4\ufee4\ufe96 \u0631\u0627\ufeb3\ufe96 \u0648 \ufb7c\ufb57 \ufe97\ufed8\ufeb4\ufef4\ufee2 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufedb\ufee8\ufeaa.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\ufebb\ufed4\ufea4\ufeea \u0627\ufed3\ufed8\ufef0:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ufe91\ufeea \ufea7\ufe8e\ufec3\ufeae \ufecb\ufe92\ufeee\u0631 \u0627\ufecb\ufebc\ufe8e\u0628 \ufe91\ufeee\ufef3\ufe8e\ufef3\ufef0 \ufee3\ufe98\ufea8\ufee0\ufea8\ufede \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufeee\u062f \u0648 \ufe91\ufeea \ufeeb\ufee4\ufef4\ufee6 \ufea7\ufe8e\ufec3\ufeae \ufe91\ufeea \u0622\u0646 \ufebb\ufed4\ufea4\ufeea \ufecf\ufeae\ufe91\ufe8e\ufedf\ufef0 (cribriform plate) \ufb94\ufeee\ufef3\ufee8\ufeaa. \ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \ufed3\ufeee\ufed7\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \ufebb\ufed4\ufea4\ufeea \u0627\ufed3\ufed8\ufef0 \ufe91\ufea8\ufeb8\ufef0 \u0627\u0632 \ufedb\ufed2 \ufea3\ufed4\ufeae\u0647 \ufee3\ufed0\ufeb0\u064a \ufed7\ufeaa\u0627\ufee3\ufef0 \u0631\u0627 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb3\ufe8e\u0632\u062f \u0648 \ufee3\ufea4\ufede \ufed7\ufeae\u0627\u0631\ufb94\ufef4\ufeae\u064a \ufb58\ufef4\ufe8e\u0632 \ufe91\ufeee\ufef3\ufe8e\ufef3\ufef0 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96 \u0648 \ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \ufe97\ufea4\ufe98\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \u0622\u0646 \ufe91\ufea8\ufeb6 \ufee3\ufef4\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \ufeb3\ufed8\ufed2 \ufea3\ufed4\ufeae\u0647 \ufe91\ufef4\ufee8\ufef0 \u0631\u0627 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb3\ufe8e\u0632\u062f.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0632\u0627\ufe8b\ufeaa\u0647 \ufe97\ufe8e\u062c \ufea7\ufeae\u0648\u0633:<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ufed7\ufeb4\ufee4\ufe98\ufef0 \u0627\u0632 \ufebb\ufed4\ufea4\ufeea \ufecb\ufee4\ufeee\u062f\u064a \ufedb\ufeea \u0627\u0632 \ufebb\ufed4\ufea4\ufeea \u0627\ufed3\ufed8\ufef0 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufb94\ufeac\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\ufea7\ufede \ufea3\ufed4\ufeae\u0647 \ufee3\ufed0\ufeb0\u064a \ufed7\ufeaa\u0627\ufee3\ufef0 \u0627\ufef3\ufea0\ufe8e\u062f \ufe91\ufeae\u0622\ufee3\ufeaa\ufb94\ufef0 \ufe91\ufeea \ufee7\ufe8e\u0645 \ufedb\ufeae\ufef3\ufeb4\ufe98\ufe8e\ufb94\ufe8e\ufedf\ufef0 (\u0632\u0627\ufe8b\ufeaa\u0647 \ufe97\ufe8e\u062c \ufea7\ufeae\u0648\u0633) \ufee3\ufef0 \ufedb\ufee8\ufeaa.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062f\u0631 \ufeeb\ufeae \ufec3\ufeae\u0641 \ufebb\ufed4\ufea4\ufeea \u0627\ufed3\ufed8\ufef0\u060c \ufe97\ufeee\u062f\u0647 \ufec3\ufeae\ufed3\ufef0 \u0648\ufe9f\ufeee\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \ufedb\ufeea \u0627\ufef3\ufee6 \ufe97\ufeee\u062f\u0647 \ufee3\ufedc\ufecc\ufe92\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufedc\ufede \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96 \u0648 \ufea3\ufe8e\u0648\u064a \ufea3\ufea0\ufeae\u0647 \ufeeb\ufe8e\u064a \ufeeb\ufeee\u0627\ufef3\ufef0 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96 \ufedb\ufeea \ufe91\ufeea \u0622\u0646 \ufeb3\ufef4\ufee8\ufeee\u0633 \ufeeb\ufe8e\u064a \u0627\ufe97\ufee4\ufeee\ufe8b\ufef4\ufeaa\u0627\u0644 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufb94\ufeee\ufef3\ufee8\ufeaa. \ufeb3\ufef4\ufee8\ufeee\u0633 \ufeeb\ufe8e \ufe91\ufee8\ufe8e \ufe91\ufeea \ufee3\ufeee\ufed7\ufecc\ufef4\ufe96 \ufeb7\ufe8e\u0646 \ufe91\ufeea \ufeb3\ufeea \ufeb3\ufef4\ufee8\ufeee\u0633 \u0627\ufe97\ufee4\ufeee\ufe8b\ufef4\ufeaa\u0627\u0644 \ufed7\ufeaa\u0627\ufee3\ufef0\u060c \ufee3\ufef4\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \u0648 \ufea7\ufee0\ufed4\ufef0 \ufe97\ufed8\ufeb4\ufef4\ufee2 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufeee\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \ufea7\ufe8e\u0631\ufe9f\ufef0:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ufe97\ufeee\u062f\u0647 \ufec3\ufeae\ufed3\ufef0 \u062f\ufef3\ufeee\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0627\ufea7\ufee0\ufef0 \ufedb\ufe8e\ufeb3\ufeea \ufb7c\ufeb8\ufee2 \u0631\u0627 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb3\ufe8e\u0632\u062f \u0648 \ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \u062f\u0627\ufea7\ufee0\ufef0 \ufe97\ufeee\u062f\u0647 \ufec3\ufeae\ufed3\ufef0 \ufed7\ufeb4\ufee4\ufe98\ufef0 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\ufef3\ufeee\u0627\u0631\u0647 \ufea7\ufe8e\u0631\ufe9f\ufef0 \ufea3\ufed4\ufeae\u0647 \ufe91\ufef4\ufee8\ufef0 \u0631\u0627 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb3\ufe8e\u0632\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064a \u062f\u0648 \ufeb7\ufe8e\ufea7\ufeda \ufed3\ufeee\ufed7\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \u0648 \ufee3\ufef4\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96 (superior &amp; Middle concha) \ufedb\ufeea \u0627\ufef3\ufee6 \ufeb7\ufe8e\ufea7\ufeda \ufeeb\ufe8e \u062f\u0631 \u0632\ufef3\ufeae \ufea7\ufeee\u062f \ufed3\ufec0\ufe8e\ufef3\ufef0 \u0627\u0632 \ufea3\ufed4\ufeae\u0647 \ufe91\ufef4\ufee8\ufef0 \u0631\u0627 \ufee3\ufea4\ufeaa\u0648\u062f \ufee3\ufef0 \ufedb\ufee8\ufee8\ufeaa \ufe91\ufee8\ufe8e\u0645 \ufee3\ufe8c\ufe8e\ufe97\ufeee\u0633 \ufed3\ufeee\ufed7\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \u0648 \ufee3\ufe8c\ufe8e\ufe97\ufeee\u0633 \ufee3\ufef4\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0.(meatus (superior &amp; middle<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0622\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u062c\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0647 \/\u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufb58\ufeae\u0648\u0627\ufee7\ufeea \u0627\u0649<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>:(Sphenoid)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\ufef3\ufee6 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufe97\ufed8\ufeae\ufef3\ufe92\ufe8e\u064b \ufe91\ufeea \ufeb7\ufedc\ufede \ufb58\ufeae\u0648\u0627\ufee7\ufeea \ufeb7\ufe90 \ufb58\ufeae\u0647 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96 \ufedb\ufeea \u062f\u0631 \ufe91\ufef4\ufee6 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufb58\ufeae\u0648\ufef3\ufeb0\ufee7\ufef0 \u0648 \ufb58\ufeb2 \ufeb3\ufeae\u064a \u0648\u0627\ufed7\ufeca \ufeb7\ufeaa\u0647 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96 \u0648 \ufeb7\ufe8e\ufee3\ufede \ufef3\ufeda \ufe97\ufee8\ufeea\u060c \u062f\u0648 \ufe91\ufe8e\u0644 \ufe91\ufeb0\u0631\u06af \u0648 \u062f\u0648 \ufe91\ufe8e\u0644 \ufedb\ufeee\ufb7c\ufeda \u0648 \u062f\u0648 \u0632\u0627\ufe8b\ufeaa\u0647 \ufe97\ufeae\ufef3\ufb95\ufeee\ufe8b\ufef4\ufeaa \ufee3\ufef0 \ufe91\ufe8e\ufeb7\ufeaa.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062f\u0631 \ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \ufed3\ufeee\ufed7\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \ufe97\ufee8\ufeea \ufed3\ufeae\u0648\u0631\ufed3\ufe98\ufb95\ufef0 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96 \ufe91\ufee8\ufe8e\u0645 \u0632\ufef3\ufee6 \ufe97\ufeae\ufedb\ufef0\u00a0(Sella turcica)\u00a0\ufedb\ufeea \ufecb\ufee4\ufef4\ufed6 \ufe97\ufeae\ufef3\ufee6 \ufed7\ufeb4\ufee4\ufe96 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \ufea3\ufed4\ufeae\u0647 \ufeeb\ufef4\ufb59\ufeee\ufed3\ufef4\ufeb0\u064a \ufee3\ufef0 \ufee7\ufe8e\ufee3\ufee8\ufeaa \ufedb\ufeea \ufecf\ufeaa\u0647 \ufeeb\ufef4\ufb59\ufeee\ufed3\ufef4\ufeb0\u064a \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \ufe9f\ufe8e\u064a \ufee3\ufef0 \ufb94\ufef4\ufeae\u062f.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\ufee7\ufe8e\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \ufedb\ufef4\ufe8e\ufeb3\ufee4\ufe8e\ufe97\ufef4\ufeda:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062f\u0631 \ufe9f\ufee0\ufeee\u064a \u0627\ufef3\ufee6 \ufed3\ufeae\u0648\u0631\ufed3\ufe98\ufb95\ufef0 \ufee7\ufe8e\u0648\u062f\u0627\ufee7\ufef0 \u0648\ufe9f\ufeee\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \ufe91\ufee8\ufe8e\u0645 \ufee7\ufe8e\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \ufedb\ufef4\ufe8e\ufeb3\ufee4\ufe8e\ufe97\ufef4\ufeda \u0627\ufef3\ufee6 \ufee7\ufe8e\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \ufec3\ufeae\ufed3\ufef4\ufee6 \ufe91\ufeea \ufee3\ufea0\ufeae\u0627\u064a \u0627\ufb58\ufe98\ufef4\ufeda \ufee3\ufee8\ufe98\ufeec\ufef0 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufeee\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \ufe97\ufee8\ufeea \u0627\ufeb3\ufed4\ufee8\ufeee\ufe8b\ufef4\ufeaa \ufeb3\ufef4\ufee8\ufeee\u0633 \u0622\u0646 \ufed7\ufeae\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \ufedb\ufeea \u062f\u0631 \ufe9f\ufee0\ufeee \ufe91\ufeea \ufea3\ufed4\ufeae\u0647 \ufe91\ufef4\ufee8\ufef0 \ufe91\ufe8e\u0632 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufeee\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ufe91\ufe8e\ufedf\ufeec\ufe8e\u064a \ufedb\ufeee\ufb7c\ufeda \u0627\ufeb3\ufed4\ufee8\ufeee\ufe8b\ufef4\ufeaa \ufeb3\ufeea \ufb94\ufeee\u0634 \u0648 \ufee7\ufeee\u0643 \ufe97\ufef4\ufeb0 \ufeeb\ufeb4\ufe98\ufee8\ufeaa \ufedb\ufeea \ufeeb\ufeae \ufef3\ufeda \ufeb7\ufe8e\ufee3\ufede:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062f\u0648 \ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \ufed3\ufeee\ufed7\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \u0648 \ufe97\ufea4\ufe98\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \u0648 \u062f\u0648 \ufedb\ufee8\ufe8e\u0631 \ufed7\ufeaa\u0627\ufee3\ufef0 \u0648 \ufea7\ufee0\ufed4\ufef0 \u0648 \u0631\ufef3\ufeb8\ufeea \u0648 \u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \ufed3\ufeee\ufed7\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \u062f\u0631 \ufe97\ufeb8\ufedc\ufef4\ufede \ufedb\ufed2 \ufea3\ufed4\ufeae\u0647 \ufee3\ufed0\ufeb0\u064a \ufed7\ufeaa\u0627\ufee3\ufef0 \u0648 \ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \ufe97\ufea4\ufe98\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \ufe97\ufeb8\ufedc\ufef4\ufede \ufeb3\ufed8\ufed2 \ufedb\ufe8e\ufeb3\ufeea \ufb7c\ufeb8\ufee2 \ufeb7\ufeae\ufedb\ufe96 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufedb\ufee8\ufeaa.\u062f\u0631 \ufe91\ufef4\ufee6 \u0631\ufef3\ufeb8\ufeea \ufeeb\ufe8e\u064a \u0622\u0646 \ufee3\ufea0\ufeae\u0627\u064a \u0627\ufb58\ufe98\ufef4\ufeda \u0648\ufe9f\ufeee\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \ufedb\ufeea \ufe91\ufeea \ufea3\ufed4\ufeae\u0647 \ufedb\ufe8e\ufeb3\ufeea \ufb7c\ufeb8\ufee2 (\u0627\u0648\u0631\ufe91\ufef4\ufe96) \ufe91\ufe8e\u0632 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufeee\u062f.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\ufeeb\ufeae \ufe91\ufe8e\u0644 \ufe91\ufeb0\u0631\u06af \ufeb7\ufe8e\ufee3\ufede \ufeb3\ufeea \ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \ufeb3\ufeae\u064a\u060c \ufea7\ufe8e\u0631\ufe9f\ufef0 \u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0631\ufe91\ufef4\ufe98\ufe8e\u0644 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96:<\/li>\n<li>\ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \ufeb3\ufeae\u064a \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \ufe97\ufeb8\ufedc\ufef4\ufede \ufedb\ufed2 \ufea3\ufed4\ufeae\u0647 \ufee3\ufed0\ufeb0\u064a \ufee3\ufef4\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufeae\ufedb\ufe96 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufedb\ufee8\ufeaa<\/li>\n<li>\ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \ufea7\ufe8e\u0631\ufe9f\ufef0 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \ufe97\ufeb8\ufedc\ufef4\ufede \ufea3\ufed4\ufeae\u0647 \ufeeb\ufe8e\u064a \ufe97\ufee4\ufb59\ufeee\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\ufef3\ufee8\ufed4\ufeae\u0627\ufe97\ufee4\ufb59\ufeee\u0631\u0627\u0644 \ufeb7\ufeae\ufedb\ufe96 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufedb\ufee8\ufeaa<\/li>\n<li>\ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \u0627\u0648\u0631\ufe91\ufef4\ufe98\ufe8e\u0644 \u0622\u0646 \ufe97\ufed8\ufeae\ufef3\ufe92\ufe8e \ufb7c\ufeec\ufe8e\u0631 \ufb94\ufeee\u0634 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96<\/li>\n<li>\ufed7\ufeb4\ufee4\ufe96 \ufea7\ufee0\ufed4\ufef0 \ufe9f\ufeaa\u0627\u0631 \ufea7\ufe8e\u0631\ufe9f\ufef0 \ufedb\ufe8e\ufeb3\ufeea \ufb7c\ufeb8\ufee2 \u0631\u0627 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb3\ufe8e\u0632\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ufe91\ufe8e\ufedf\ufeec\ufe8e\u064a \ufedb\ufeee\ufb7c\ufeda \u0648 \ufe91\ufeb0\u0631\u06af \u0648 \u0632\u0648\u0627\ufe8b\ufeaa \ufe97\ufeae\ufef3\ufb95\ufeee\ufe8b\ufef4\ufeaa \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \ufec3\ufeae\ufed3\ufef0 \ufe97\ufee8\ufeea \ufe91\ufeea \ufe97\ufeae\ufe97\ufef4\ufe90 \u0627\u0632 \ufe91\ufe8e\ufefb \ufe91\ufeea \ufb58\ufe8e\ufef3\ufef4\ufee6 \ufe9f\ufeaa\u0627 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufeee\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \ufeeb\ufeae \ufec3\ufeae\u0641 \ufe91\ufef4\ufee6 \ufe91\ufe8e\u0644 \ufe91\ufeb0\u0631\u06af \u0648 \ufedb\ufeee\ufb7c\ufeda \u0627\ufeb3\ufed4\ufee8\ufeee\ufe8b\ufef4\ufeaa \ufeb7\ufedc\ufe8e\u0641 \u0627\u0648\u0631\ufe91\ufef4\ufe98\ufe8e\u0644 \ufed3\ufeee\ufed7\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \u0648\ufe9f\ufeee\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \ufedb\ufeea \ufea3\ufed4\ufeae\u0647 \ufee3\ufed0\ufeb0\u064a \u0631\u0627 \ufe91\ufeea \ufea3\ufed4\ufeae\u0647 \ufedb\ufe8e\ufeb3\ufeea \ufb7c\ufeb8\ufee2 \u0627\u0631\ufe97\ufe92\ufe8e\u0637 \ufee3\ufef0 \u062f\ufeeb\ufeaa \u0648 \ufeeb\ufee4\ufef4\ufee6 \ufec3\ufeee\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u064a \ufe91\ufe8e\u0644 \ufe91\ufeb0\u0631\u06af \ufeb3\ufeee\u0631\u0627\u062e \ufeeb\ufe8e\u064a \ufb94\ufeae\u062f\u00a0(Rotundum)\u00a0\ufe91\ufef4\ufec0\ufef0\u00a0(Oval)\u00a0\u0648 \ufea7\ufe8e\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u064a\u00a0(Spinosum)\u00a0\u0648\ufe9f\ufeee\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0632\u0648\u0627\ufe8b\ufeaa \ufe97\ufeae\ufef3\ufb95\ufeee\ufe8b\ufef4\ufeaa \ufee7\ufef4\ufeb0 \u062f\u0648 \ufe97\ufe8e \ufeeb\ufeb4\ufe98\ufee8\ufeaa \ufedb\ufeea \ufeeb\ufeae \u0632\u0627\ufe8b\ufeaa\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648 \ufebb\ufed4\ufea4\ufeea \ufea7\ufe8e\u0631\ufe9f\ufef0 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\ufea7\ufee0\ufef0 \ufe97\ufeb8\ufedc\ufef4\ufede \ufeb7\ufeaa\u0647 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96. \ufebb\ufed4\ufea4\ufeea \ufeeb\ufe8e\u064a \ufea7\ufe8e\u0631\ufe9f\ufef0 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\ufea7\ufee0\ufef0 \u062f\u0631 \ufecb\ufed8\ufe90 \u0627\u0632 \ufeeb\ufee2 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \ufeb7\ufeaa\u0647 \u0648 \ufef3\ufeda \ufea3\ufed4\ufeae\u0647 \u0627\u064a \ufe91\ufee8\ufe8e\u0645 \ufea3\ufed4\ufeae\u0647 \ufe97\ufeae\ufef3\ufb95\ufeee\ufe8b\ufef4\ufeaa \u0631\u0627 \ufee3\ufe8e\ufe91\ufef4\ufee6 \ufea7\ufeee\u062f \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb3\ufe8e\u0632\u062f.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0622\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u062c\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0647 \/ \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufb58\ufeb2 \ufeb3\ufeae\u064a<\/strong>\u00a0:(Occipital)<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \u0627\ufedb\ufeb4\ufef4\ufb59\ufef4\ufe98\ufe8e\u0644 \ufed7\ufeb4\ufee4\ufe96 \ufea7\ufee0\ufed4\ufef0 \ufeb3\ufed8\ufed2 \u0648 \ufedb\ufed2 \ufe9f\ufee4\ufea0\ufee4\ufeea \u0631\u0627 \ufe97\ufeb8\ufedc\ufef4\ufede \ufee3\ufef0 \u062f\ufeeb\ufeaa \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064a \ufef3\ufeda \ufeb3\ufeee\u0631\u0627\u062e \ufe91\ufef4\ufec0\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufedc\ufede \ufe91\ufeb4\ufef4\ufe8e\u0631 \ufe91\ufeb0\u0631\u06af \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96 \ufe91\ufee8\ufe8e\u0645 \ufed3\ufeee\u0631\u0627\ufee3\ufee6 \ufee3\ufe8e\ufb94\ufee8\ufeee\u0645\u00a0(Foramen magnum)\u00a0\ufedb\ufeea \u0627\u0632 \ufec3\ufeae\ufef3\ufed6 \u0622\u0646 \ufea3\ufed4\ufeae\u0647 \ufe9f\ufee4\ufea0\ufee4\ufeea \ufe91\ufe8e \ufee3\ufea0\ufeae\u0627\u064a \ufee3\ufeec\ufeae\u0647 \u0627\u064a \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0631\ufe97\ufe92\ufe8e\u0637 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062f\u0631 \ufecb\ufed8\ufe90 \u0648 \ufe91\ufe8e\ufefb\u064a \u0627\ufef3\ufee6 \ufeb3\ufeee\u0631\u0627\u062e \ufef3\ufeda \ufebb\ufed4\ufea4\ufeea \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\ufee7\ufef0 \u0648\ufeb3\ufef4\ufeca \u0648 \ufee3\ufed8\ufecc\ufeae \u062f\ufef3\ufeaa\u0647 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufeee\u062f \ufe91\ufee8\ufe8e\u0645 \ufebb\ufeaa\u0641. \u062f\u0631 \ufe9f\ufee0\ufeee\u064a \ufeb3\ufeee\u0631\u0627\u062e \ufed3\ufeee\u0642 \ufef3\ufeda \ufebb\ufed4\ufea4\ufeea \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\ufee7\ufef0 \ufebf\ufea8\ufef4\ufee2 \u0648 \ufb7c\ufeec\ufe8e\u0631\ufb94\ufeee\u0634 \ufed7\ufeae\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \ufe91\ufeea \ufee7\ufe8e\u0645 \ufe91\ufea8\ufeb6 \ufed7\ufe8e\ufecb\ufeaa\u0647 \u0627\u064a\u00a0(Basilar)\u00a0\ufedb\ufeea \ufe91\ufe8e \ufe97\ufee8\ufeea \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \u0627\ufeb3\ufed4\ufee8\ufeee\ufe8b\ufef4\ufeaa \ufee3\ufed4\ufebc\ufede \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufeee\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \ufec3\ufeae\ufed3\ufef4\ufee6 \ufeb3\ufeee\u0631\u0627\u062e \ufed3\ufeee\u0642 \ufed7\ufeb4\ufee4\ufe96 \ufeeb\ufe8e\u064a \ufec3\ufeae\ufed3\ufef0\u00a0(Lateral parts)\u00a0\ufed7\ufeae\u0627\u0631 \ufb94\ufeae\ufed3\ufe98\ufeea \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645:<\/h4>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062f\u0631 \ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \ufea7\ufe8e\u0631\ufe9f\ufef0 \ufe91\ufea8\ufeb6 \ufebb\ufeaa\ufed3\ufef0 \ufef3\ufeda \ufe91\ufeae\ufe9f\ufeb4\ufe98\ufb95\ufef0 \u0648\ufe9f\ufeee\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \ufe91\ufee8\ufe8e\u0645 \ufe91\ufeae\ufe9f\ufeb4\ufe98\ufb95\ufef0 \ufb58\ufeb2 \ufeb3\ufeae\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc<\/li>\n<li>\ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \u062f\u0627\ufea7\ufee0\ufef0 \ufecb\ufee4\ufef4\ufed8\ufe8e\u064b \ufb94\ufeee\u062f \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96 \u0648 \ufe97\ufeee\ufeb3\ufec2 \ufef3\ufeda \ufe91\ufeae\ufe9f\ufeb4\ufe98\ufb95\ufef0 \ufee3\ufeae\ufedb\ufeb0\u064a \ufee7\ufe8e\ufee3\ufee8\ufec8\ufee2 \ufe91\ufeea \ufb7c\ufeec\ufe8e\u0631 \ufea3\ufed4\ufeae\u0647 \u0627\ufedb\ufeb4\ufef4\ufb59\ufef4\ufe98\ufe8e\u0644 \ufe97\ufed8\ufeb4\ufef4\ufee2 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufeee\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0648 \ufea3\ufed4\ufeae\u0647 \ufe97\ufea4\ufe98\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \ufb7c\ufeec\ufe8e\u0631 \ufb94\ufeee\ufeb7\ufee8\ufeaa \u0648 \ufe91\ufe8e \ufee7\ufef4\ufee4\ufedc\ufeae\u0647 \ufeeb\ufe8e\u064a \ufee3\ufea8\ufb7d\ufeea \ufee3\ufea0\ufe8e\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\ufee7\ufeaa<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0648 \ufea3\ufed4\ufeae\u0647 \ufed3\ufeee\ufed7\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \ufeb3\ufeea \ufb94\ufeee\ufeb7\ufee8\ufeaa \u0648 \ufe91\ufe8e \ufedf\ufeee\u0628 \ufeeb\ufe8e\u064a \u0627\ufedb\ufeb4\ufef4\ufb59\ufef4\ufe98\ufe8e\u0644 \ufee7\ufef4\ufee4\ufedc\ufeae\u0647 \ufeeb\ufe8e\u064a \ufee3\ufed0\ufeb0\u064a \ufee3\ufea0\ufe8e\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\ufee7\ufeaa.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062f\u0631 \ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \ufe97\ufea4\ufe98\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \ufed7\ufeb4\ufee4\ufe96 \ufec3\ufeae\ufed3\ufef0 \u0627\ufedb\ufeb4\ufef4\ufb59\ufef4\ufe98\ufe8e\u0644 \ufef3\ufeda \ufe91\ufeae\ufe9f\ufeb4\ufe98\ufb95\ufef0 \ufe91\ufef4\ufec0\ufeee\u064a \u0648\ufe9f\ufeee\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \ufe91\ufee8\ufe8e\u0645 \ufedb\ufeee\ufee7\ufeaa\ufef3\ufede \u0627\ufedb\ufeb4\ufef4\ufb59\ufef4\ufe98\ufe8e\u0644 \ufedb\ufeea \ufe91\ufe8e \ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \ufed3\ufeee\ufed7\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \ufe97\ufeee\u062f\u0647 \ufeeb\ufe8e\u064a \ufec3\ufeae\ufed3\ufef0 \ufee3\ufeec\ufeae\u0647 \u0627\ufec3\ufee0\ufeb2 \ufee3\ufed4\ufebc\ufede \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufeee\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \ufe91\ufe8e\ufefb\u064a \ufedb\ufeee\ufee7\ufeaa\ufef3\ufede \ufee3\ufea0\ufeae\u0627\u064a \ufeeb\ufef4\ufb59\ufeee\ufb94\ufee0\ufeee\u0633 \u0648\ufe9f\ufeee\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \ufedb\ufeea \ufecb\ufebc\ufe92\ufef0 \ufe91\ufeea \ufeeb\ufee4\ufef4\ufee6 \ufee7\ufe8e\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \ufecb\ufe92\ufeee\u0631 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufedb\ufee8\ufeaa.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0622\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u062c\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0647 \/ \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufeeb\ufe8e\u064a \ufb94\ufef4\ufea0\ufb95\ufe8e\ufeeb\ufef0<\/strong>\u00a0:(Temporal)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufe97\ufee4\ufb59\ufeee\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \ufe97\ufeb8\ufedc\ufef4\ufede \ufed7\ufeb4\ufee4\ufe96 \ufec3\ufeae\ufed3\ufef0 \u0648 \ufed7\ufe8e\ufecb\ufeaa\u0647 \ufe9f\ufee4\ufea0\ufee4\ufeea \ufeb7\ufeae\ufedb\ufe96 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufedb\ufee8\ufeaa \u0648 \u0627\ufecb\ufec0\ufe8e\u064a \u0627\ufebb\ufee0\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufee8\ufeee\u0627\ufef3\ufef0 \u062f\u0631 \ufebf\ufea8\ufe8e\ufee3\ufe96 \u0622\u0646 \ufed7\ufeae\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\ufee7\ufeaa.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ufeeb\ufeae \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufeb7\ufe8e\ufee3\ufede \ufb7c\ufeec\ufe8e\u0631 \ufe91\ufea8\ufeb6 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96: \ufe91\ufea8\ufeb6 \ufebb\ufeaa\ufed3\ufef0\u060c \ufe91\ufea8\ufeb6 \ufb58\ufe98\ufeae\u0648\ufee3\ufe8e\ufeb3\ufe98\ufeee\ufe8b\ufef4\ufeaa\u060c \ufe91\ufea8\ufeb6 \ufebb\ufee4\ufe8e\ufea7\ufef0 \u0648 \u0632\u0627\ufe8b\ufeaa\u0647 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufef4\ufee0\ufeee\ufe8b\ufef4\ufeaa<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \ufe91\ufea8\ufeb6 \ufebb\ufeaa\ufed3\ufef0:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ufed7\ufeb4\ufee4\ufe96 \ufed7\ufeaa\u0627\ufee3\ufef0 \ufed3\ufeee\ufed7\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb3\ufe8e\u0632\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064a \u062f\u0648 \ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \ufea7\ufe8e\u0631\ufe9f\ufef0 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\ufea7\ufee0\ufef0 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96. \ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \ufea7\ufe8e\u0631\ufe9f\ufef0 \u062f\u0631 \ufe97\ufeb8\ufedc\ufef4\ufede \ufea3\ufed4\ufeae\u0647 \ufe97\ufee4\ufb59\ufeee\u0631\u0627\u0644 \ufeb7\ufeae\ufedb\ufe96 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufedb\ufee8\ufeaa \u0648 \ufecb\ufefc\u0648\u0647 \ufe91\ufeae \u0622\u0646 \ufeb7\ufe8e\ufee3\ufede \u0632\u0627\ufe8b\ufeaa\u0647 \u0632\ufef3\ufb95\ufeee\ufee3\ufe8e\ufe97\ufef4\ufeda \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96 \ufedb\ufeea \ufe91\ufe8e \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \u0632\ufef3\ufb95\ufeee\ufee3\ufe8e\ufe97\ufef4\ufeda \ufee3\ufed4\ufebc\ufede \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufeee\u062f \u0648 \ufed7\ufeee\u0633 \u0632\ufef3\ufb95\ufeee\ufee3\ufe8e\ufe97\ufef4\ufeda (\ufb94\ufeee\ufee7\ufeea) \u0631\u0627 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb3\ufe8e\u0632\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \ufb58\ufe8e\ufef3\ufef4\ufee6 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064a \ufea3\ufed4\ufeae\u0647 \u0627\u064a \ufe91\ufee8\ufe8e\u0645 \ufea3\ufed4\ufeae\u0647 \ufee3\ufee8\ufeaa\ufef3\ufe92\ufeee\ufefb\u0631 \ufedb\ufeea \ufe91\ufe8e \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufed3\ufeda \ufe97\ufea4\ufe98\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \ufee3\ufed4\ufebc\ufede \ufee3\ufef0 \u0648\u062f \ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \u062f\u0627\ufea7\ufee0\ufef0 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \ufee3\ufea0\ufe8e\u0648\u0631\u062a \ufedf\ufeee\u0628 \ufe97\ufee4\ufb59\ufeee\u0631\u0627\u0644 \ufee3\ufed0\ufeb0 \ufed7\ufeae\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\ufe91\ufea8\ufeb6 \ufb58\ufe98\ufeae\u0648\ufee3\ufe8e\ufeb3\ufe98\ufeee\ufe8b\ufef4\ufeaa:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ufed7\ufeb4\ufee4\ufe96 \ufee3\ufe8e\ufeb3\ufe98\ufeee\ufe8b\ufef4\ufeaa\u064a \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \ufee7\ufe8e\ufea3\ufef4\ufeea \ufea7\ufee0\ufed4\ufef0 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufe97\ufee4\ufb59\ufeee\u0631\u0627\u0644 \ufed7\ufeae\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \ufb58\ufe8e\ufef3\ufef4\ufee6 \ufe97\ufe92\ufeaa\ufef3\ufede \ufe91\ufeea \ufef3\ufeda \u0632\u0627\ufe8b\ufeaa\u0647 \ufee3\ufea8\ufeae\u0648\ufec3\ufef0 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufb94\ufeae\u062f\u062f \ufe91\ufee8\ufe8e\u0645 \u0632\u0627\ufe8b\ufeaa\u0647 \ufee3\ufe8e\ufeb3\ufe98\ufeee\ufe8b\ufef4\ufeaa\u064a (\u0632\u0627\ufe8b\ufeaa\u0647 \ufb58\ufeb4\ufe98\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0) \ufed7\ufeb4\ufee4\ufe96 \ufb58\ufe98\ufeae\u0648\u0632 \ufef3\ufe8e \ufea7\ufe8e\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u064a \ufe91\ufec4\ufeee\u0631 \u0627\ufed3\ufed8\ufef0 \u062f\u0631 \ufed7\ufe8e\ufecb\ufeaa\u0647<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ufe9f\ufee4\ufea0\ufee4\ufeea \ufee3\ufe8e\ufe91\ufef4\ufee6 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufeeb\ufe8e\u064a \u0627\ufeb3\ufed4\ufee8\ufeee\ufe8b\ufef4\ufeaa \u0648 \u0627\ufedb\ufeb4\ufef4\ufb59\ufef4\ufe98\ufe8e\u0644 \ufed7\ufeae\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \ufe9f\ufeec\ufe96 \u0622\u0646 \ufe91\ufeea \ufec3\ufeae\u0641 \ufe9f\ufee0\ufeee \u0648 \u062f\u0627\ufea7\ufede \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96 \u0648 \ufe97\ufed8\ufeae\ufef3\ufe92\ufe8e \ufe91\ufeea \ufeb7\ufedc\ufede \ufeeb\ufeae\ufee3\ufef0 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \ufebf\ufea8\ufe8e\ufee3\ufe96 \u0622\u0646 \ufecb\ufee8\ufe8e\ufebb\ufeae \ufe97\ufeb8\ufedc\ufef4\ufede \u062f\ufeeb\ufee8\ufeaa\u0647 \ufb94\ufeee\u0634 \ufee3\ufef4\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\ufea7\ufee0\ufef0 \u0648\ufe9f\ufeee\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\ufe91\ufea8\ufeb6 \ufebb\ufee4\ufe8e\ufea7\ufef0:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ufef3\ufeda \ufebb\ufed4\ufea4\ufeea \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\ufee7\ufef0 \ufea7\ufee4\ufef4\ufeaa\u0647 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96 \ufedb\ufeea \u062f\u0631 \u0632\ufef3\ufeae \ufebb\ufeaa\u0641 \u0648 \ufe9f\ufee0\ufeee\u064a \u0632\u0627\ufe8b\ufeaa\u0647 \ufee3\ufe8e\ufeb3\ufe98\ufeee\ufe8b\ufef4\ufeaa \ufed7\ufeae\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \ufee3\ufea0\ufeae\u0627\u064a \ufb94\ufeee\u0634 \ufea7\ufe8e\u0631\ufe9f\ufef0 \ufee3\ufe8e\ufe91\ufef4\ufee6 \u062f\u0648 \ufe91\ufea8\ufeb6 \ufebb\ufeaa\u0641 \u0648 \ufebb\ufee4\ufe8e\ufea7\ufef0 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufe97\ufee4\ufb59\ufeee\u0631\u0627\u0644 \ufed7\ufeae\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\ufe91\ufea8\ufeb6 \u0632\u0627\ufe8b\ufeaa\u0647 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufef4\ufee0\ufeee\ufe8b\ufef4\ufeaa:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0632\u0627\ufe8b\ufeaa\u0647 \ufe91\ufe8e\u0631\ufef3\ufeda \u0648 \ufee7\ufeee\u0643 \ufe97\ufef4\ufeb0 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96 \ufedb\ufeea \u0627\u0632 \ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \ufe97\ufea4\ufe98\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufe91\ufeea \ufeb3\ufee4\ufe96 \ufb58\ufe8e\ufef3\ufef4\ufee6 \u0648 \ufe9f\ufee0\ufeee \u0627\ufee3\ufe98\ufeaa\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0622\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u062c\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0647\/ \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufeeb\ufe8e\u0649 \ufb58\ufe8e\u0631\ufef3\ufe98\ufe8e\u0644<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>(Parietal)<strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufeeb\ufe8e\u064a \ufb58\ufe8e\u0631\ufef3\ufe98\ufe8e\u0644 \ufeb3\ufed8\ufed2 \u0648 \ufec3\ufeae\ufed3\ufef4\ufee6 \ufedb\ufe8e\ufeb3\ufeea \ufeb3\ufeae \u0631\u0627 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb3\ufe8e\u0632\u062f \ufeeb\ufeae \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufe91\ufeea \ufebb\ufeee\u0631\u062a \ufef3\ufeda \ufb7c\ufeec\ufe8e\u0631\ufb94\ufeee\u0634 \ufee7\ufe8e\ufee3\ufee8\ufec8\ufee2 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96 \ufedb\ufeea \u062f\u0631 \ufee7\ufe98\ufef4\ufea0\ufeea \ufeb7\ufe8e\ufee3\ufede \u062f\u0648 \ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \ufea7\ufe8e\u0631\ufe9f\ufef0 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\ufea7\ufee0\ufef0\u060c \ufb7c\ufeec\ufe8e\u0631 \ufedb\ufee8\ufe8e\u0631 \ufed3\ufeee\ufed7\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0\u060c \ufe97\ufea4\ufe98\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0\u060c \ufed7\ufeaa\u0627\ufee3\ufef0 \u0648 \ufea7\ufee0\ufed4\ufef0 \u0648 \ufb7c\ufeec\ufe8e\u0631 \u0632\u0627\u0648\ufef3\ufeea \ufed3\ufeae\u0648\ufee7\ufe98\ufe8e\u0644\u060c \u0627\ufeb3\ufed4\ufee8\ufeee\ufe8b\ufef4\ufeaa\u060c \u0627\ufedb\ufeb4\ufef4\ufb59\ufef4\ufe98\ufe8e\u0644 \u0648 \ufee3\ufe8e\ufeb3\ufe98\ufeee\ufe8b\ufef4\ufeaa \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062f\u0631 \ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \ufea7\ufe8e\u0631\ufe9f\ufef0 \u0622\u0646 \ufe91\ufeae\ufe9f\ufeb4\ufe98\ufb95\ufef0 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96 \ufe91\ufee8\ufe8e\u0645 \ufe91\ufeae\ufe9f\ufeb4\ufe98\ufb95\ufef0 \u0622\ufeeb\ufef4\ufe8e\ufee7\ufeea \u0627\u064a\u00a0(Parietal tuber)\u00a0\u0648 \ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \u062f\u0627\ufea7\ufee0\ufef0 \u0622\u0646 \ufee3\ufed8\ufecc\ufeae \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \ufec3\ufeee\u0644 \ufedb\ufee8\ufe8e\u0631 \ufed3\ufeee\ufed7\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \ufef3\ufeda \ufee7\ufef4\ufee2 \ufee7\ufe8e\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u062f\ufef3\ufeaa\u0647 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufeee\u062f \ufedb\ufeea \ufe91\ufe8e \ufee7\ufef4\ufee2 \ufee7\ufe8e\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufee3\ufed8\ufe8e\ufe91\ufede \ufef3\ufeda \ufee7\ufe8e\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \ufedb\ufe8e\ufee3\ufede \ufe91\ufeae\u0627\u064a \ufeb3\ufef4\ufee8\ufeee\u0633 \ufeb3\ufe8e\ufe9f\ufef4\ufe98\ufe8e\u0644 \ufed3\ufeee\ufed7\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb3\ufe8e\u0632\u062f.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0646\u06cc:<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ufedb\ufee8\ufe8e\u0631 \ufed3\ufeee\ufed7\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \ufef3\ufe8e \ufeb3\ufe8e\ufe9f\ufef4\ufe98\ufe8e\u0644 \ufe91\ufe8e \ufedb\ufee8\ufe8e\u0631 \ufed3\ufeee\ufed7\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \ufec3\ufeae\u0641 \ufee3\ufed8\ufe8e\ufe91\ufede \ufee3\ufed4\ufebc\ufede \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufeee\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0632 \ufeb3\ufe8e\ufe9f\ufef4\ufe98\ufe8e\u0644\u00a0(Sagital suture)\u00a0\u0631\u0627 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb3\ufe8e\u0632\u062f \ufedb\ufee8\ufe8e\u0631 \ufe97\ufea4\ufe98\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \u0622\u0646 \ufe91\ufe8e \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufe97\ufee4\ufb59\ufeee\u0631\u0627\u0644 (\ufebb\ufeaa\u0641 \u0648 \ufee3\ufe8e\ufeb3\ufe98\ufeee\ufe8b\ufef4\ufeaa) \ufee3\ufed4\ufebc\ufede \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufeee\u062f \u0648 \ufedb\ufee8\ufe8e\u0631 \ufed7\ufeaa\u0627\ufee3\ufef0 \ufe91\ufe8e \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufed3\ufeae\u0648\ufee7\ufe98\ufe8e\u0644 \ufee3\ufed4\ufebc\ufede \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufeee\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0632\ufedb\ufeae\u0648\ufee7\ufe8e\u0644\u00a0(Coronal suture)\u00a0\ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb3\ufe8e\u0632\u062f.\ufedb\ufee8\ufe8e\u0631 \ufea7\ufee0\ufed4\ufef0 \ufe91\ufe8e \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \u0627\ufedb\ufeb4\ufef4\ufb59\ufef4\ufe98\ufe8e\u0644 \ufee3\ufed4\ufebc\ufede \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufeee\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0632 \ufefb\ufee3\ufe92\ufeaa\u0648\ufe8b\ufef4\ufeaa\u00a0(Lambdoid suture)\u00a0\u0631\u0627 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb3\ufe8e\u0632\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0622\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u062c\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0647 \/ \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufeeb\ufe8e\u0649 \ufebb\ufeee\u0631\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufeeb\ufe8e\u064a \ufebb\ufeee\u0631\u062a \u0661\u0664 \ufe97\ufe8e \ufeeb\ufeb4\ufe98\ufee8\ufeaa \ufedb\ufeea \u0666 \ufe97\ufe8e \u0632\u0648\u062c \u0648 \u062f\u0648 \ufe97\ufe8e \ufed3\ufeae\u062f \ufee3\ufef0 \ufe91\ufe8e\ufeb7\ufee8\ufeaa.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufeeb\ufe8e\u064a \u0632\u0648\u062c \ufecb\ufe92\ufe8e\u0631\ufe97\ufee8\ufeaa \u0627\u0632:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\ufed3\ufeda \ufed3\ufeee\ufed7\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0\u00a0(Maxillary)<\/li>\n<li>\ufedb\ufe8e\ufee3\ufef0\u00a0(Palatine)<\/li>\n<li>\ufb94\ufeee\ufee7\ufeea \u0627\u064a\u00a0(Zygomatic)<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\ufeb7\ufedc\ufef0\u00a0(lacrimal)<\/li>\n<li>\ufe91\ufef4\ufee8\ufef0\u00a0(Nasal)<\/li>\n<li>\ufeb7\ufe8e\ufea7\ufeda \ufe97\ufea4\ufe98\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0\u00a0(Inferior nasal concha)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u00a0\u0627\ufeb3\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufeeb\ufe8e\u064a \ufed3\ufeae\u062f \ufeb7\ufe8e\ufee3\ufede:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\ufe97\ufef4\ufed0\ufeea \u0627\u064a\u00a0(Vomer)<\/li>\n<li>\ufed3\ufeda \ufe97\ufea4\ufe98\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0\u00a0(Mandible)<\/li>\n<li>\ufee3\ufe8e\ufb94\ufeb0\ufef3\ufefc\u00a0:(Maxilla)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufeeb\ufe8e\u064a \ufee3\ufe8e\ufb94\ufeb0\ufef3\ufefc:<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062f\u0648 \ufe97\ufe8e \ufeeb\ufeb4\ufe98\ufee8\ufeaa \ufedb\ufeea \u062f\u0631 \ufea7\ufec2 \u0648\ufeb3\ufec2 \ufe91\ufeea \ufeeb\ufee2 \ufb58\ufef4\ufeee\ufeb3\ufe98\ufeea \u0648 \u0622\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647 \ufed3\ufeee\ufed7\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \u0631\u0627 \ufe97\ufeb8\ufedc\ufef4\ufede \ufee3\ufef0 \u062f\ufeeb\ufee8\ufeaa.\ufee3\ufe8e\ufb94\ufeb0\ufef3\ufefc \ufe91\ufecc\ufeaa \u0627\u0632 \ufee3\ufee8\ufeaa\ufef3\ufe92\ufede \ufe91\ufeb0\u0631\ufb94\ufe98\ufeae\ufef3\ufee6 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufebb\ufeee\u0631\u062a \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96 \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\ufed7\ufeb4\ufee4\ufe96 \u0627\ufecb\ufec8\ufee2 \ufeb3\ufed8\ufed2 \u062f\ufeeb\ufe8e\u0646<\/li>\n<li>\ufedb\ufed2 \u0648 \ufe9f\ufeaa\u0627\u0631 \ufea7\ufe8e\u0631\ufe9f\ufef0 \ufea3\ufed4\ufeae\u0647 \ufeeb\ufe8e\u064a \ufe91\ufef4\ufee8\ufef0<\/li>\n<li>\ufedb\ufed2 \u0627\u0648\u0631\ufe91\ufef4\ufe96<\/li>\n<li>\ufeeb\ufeae \ufee3\ufe8e\ufb94\ufeb0\ufef3\ufefc \ufeb7\ufe8e\ufee3\ufede:<\/li>\n<li>\ufe97\ufee8\ufeea \u0648 \ufb7c\ufeec\ufe8e\u0631 \u0632\u0627\ufe8b\ufeaa\u0647 (\u0632\ufef3\ufb95\ufeee\ufee3\ufe8e\ufe97\ufef4\ufeda\u060c \ufed3\ufeae\u0648\ufee7\ufe98\ufe8e\u0644\u060c \u0622\ufedf\ufeee\ufe8b\ufeee\ufefb\u0631\u060c \ufb58\ufe8e\ufefb\ufe97\ufef4\ufee6) \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96<\/li>\n<li>\ufe97\ufee8\ufeea \ufe97\ufed8\ufeae\ufef3\ufe92\ufe8e \ufe91\ufeea \ufeb7\ufedc\ufede \ufeeb\ufeae\u0645 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064a \ufb7c\ufeec\ufe8e\u0631 \ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 (\ufed7\ufeaa\u0627\ufee3\ufef0\u060c \ufea7\ufee0\ufed4\ufef0\u060c \ufed3\ufeee\ufed7\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\ufea7\ufee0\ufef0) \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0633\u0637\u0648\u062d \ufed7\ufeaa\u0627\ufee3\ufef0 \u060c\ufea7\ufee0\ufed4\ufef0 \u060c\ufed3\ufeee\ufed7\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \ufed7\ufeaa\u0627\ufee3\ufef0 \u062f\u0631 \ufe9f\ufee0\ufeee \u0648 \ufea7\ufe8e\u0631\u062c \ufed7\ufeae\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \ufea7\ufee0\ufed4\ufef0 \u062f\u0631 \ufecb\ufed8\ufe90 \u0648 \ufea7\ufe8e\u0631\u062c \ufed7\ufeae\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \ufe9f\ufeaa\u0627\u0631 \ufed7\ufeaa\u0627\ufee3\ufef0 \ufea3\ufed4\ufeae\u0647 \u0627\ufef3\ufee8\ufed4\ufeae\u0627\ufe97\ufee4\ufb59\ufeee\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb3\ufe8e\u0632\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \ufed3\ufeee\ufed7\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \ufedb\ufeea \ufed7\ufeb4\ufee4\ufe96 \u0627\ufecb\ufec8\ufee2 \ufedb\ufed2 \u0627\u0648\u0631\ufe91\ufef4\ufe96 \u0631\u0627 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb3\ufe8e\u0632\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \u062f\u0627\ufea7\ufee0\ufef0:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u062f\u0631 \ufe97\ufeb8\ufedc\ufef4\ufede \u062f\ufef3\ufeee\u0627\u0631\u0647 \ufea7\ufe8e\u0631\ufe9f\ufef0 \ufea3\ufed4\ufeae\u0647 \ufe91\ufef4\ufee8\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufeae\ufedb\ufe96 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufedb\ufee8\ufeaa<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\ufeeb\ufe8e\ufee7\ufeea \ufeb3\ufef4\ufee8\ufeee\u0633 \ufee3\ufe8e\ufb94\ufeb0\ufef3\ufefc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\ufef3\ufee6 \ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \ufe91\ufeea \u062f\u0627\ufea7\ufede \ufea3\ufed4\ufeae\u0647 \ufe91\ufef4\ufee8\ufef0 \ufe91\ufe8e\u0632 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufeee\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0632\u0627\ufe8b\ufeaa\u0647 \ufb94\ufeee\ufee7\ufeea \u0627\u064a \ufe91\ufe8e \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufb94\ufeee\ufee7\ufeea \ufee3\ufed4\ufebc\ufede \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufeee\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u0632\u0627\ufe8b\ufeaa\u0647 \ufed3\ufeae\u0648\ufee7\ufe98\ufe8e\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \ufe91\ufe8e\ufefb \ufe91\ufe8e \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufed3\ufeae\u0648\ufee7\ufe98\ufe8e\u0644 \ufee3\ufed4\ufebc\ufede \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufeee\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u0632\u0627\ufe8b\ufeaa\u0647 \ufedb\ufe8e\ufee3\ufef0 \u062f\u0631 \ufe97\ufeb8\ufedc\ufef4\ufede \u0664\/\u0663 \ufed7\ufeaa\u0627\ufee3\ufef0 \ufedb\ufe8e\u0645 \ufeb3\ufea8\ufe96 \ufeb7\ufeae\ufedb\ufe96 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufedb\ufee8\ufeaa<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u06a9\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u062e\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ufedb\ufe8e\u0645 \ufeb3\ufea8\ufe96 \ufee7\ufe8e\ufea3\ufef4\ufeea \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\ufee7\ufef0 \ufeb3\ufed8\ufed2 \u062f\ufeeb\ufe8e\u0646 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96 \ufedb\ufeea \ufe97\ufeee\ufeb3\ufec2 \u062f\u0648 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufee3\ufe8e\ufb94\ufeb0\ufef3\ufefc \u0648 \ufb58\ufe8e\ufefb\ufe97\ufef4\ufee6 \ufe97\ufeb8\ufedc\ufef4\ufede \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufeee\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0632\u0627\ufe8b\ufeaa\u0647 \u0622\ufedf\ufeee\ufe8b\ufeee\ufefb\u0631:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\ufebf\ufea8\ufef4\ufee2 \u0648 \ufed7\ufeee\ufeb3\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufedc\ufede \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96<\/li>\n<li>\ufeb7\ufe8e\ufee3\ufede \ufea3\ufed4\ufeae\u0647 \ufeeb\ufe8e\ufef3\ufef0 \ufe91\ufeae\u0627\u064a \u0631\ufef3\ufeb8\ufeea \u062f\ufee7\ufeaa\u0627\ufee7\ufeec\ufe8e\ufeb3\ufe96<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\ufef3\ufee6 \ufea3\ufed4\ufeae\u0647 \ufeeb\ufe8e \u062f\u0631 \ufe91\ufe8e\ufedf\ufed0\ufef4\ufee6 \ufeeb\ufeb8\ufe96 \ufecb\ufeaa\u062f \ufee3\ufef0 \ufe91\ufe8e\ufeb7\ufeaa<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\ufee7\ufeaa\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0648 \ufecb\ufee4\ufed6 \u0622\ufee7\ufeec\ufe8e \ufee3\ufe98\ufee8\ufe8e\ufeb3\ufe90 \ufe91\ufe8e \u062f\ufee7\ufeaa\u0627\ufee7\ufeec\ufe8e \ufee3\ufef0 \ufe91\ufe8e\ufeb7\ufeaa.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0622\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u062c\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0647 \/ \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufeeb\ufe8e\u0649 \ufedb\ufe8e\ufee3\ufef2<\/strong> (Palatine):<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufeeb\ufe8e\u064a \ufedb\ufe8e\ufee3\ufef0 \u062f\u0631 \ufe91\ufea8\ufeb6 \ufea7\ufee0\ufed4\ufef0 \ufea3\ufed4\ufeae\u0647 \ufe91\ufef4\ufee8\ufef0 \ufee3\ufe8e\ufe91\ufef4\ufee6 \u0632\u0627\ufe8b\ufeaa\u0647 \ufe97\ufeae\ufef3\ufb95\ufeee\ufe8b\ufef4\ufeaa\u060c \u0627\ufeb3\ufed4\ufee8\ufeee\ufe8b\ufef4\ufeaa \u062f\u0631 \ufecb\ufed8\ufe90 \u0648 \ufee3\ufe8e\ufb94\ufeb0\ufef3\ufefc \u062f\u0631 \ufe9f\ufee0\ufeee \ufed7\ufeae\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\ufef3\ufee6 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \ufe97\ufeb8\ufedc\ufef4\ufede \ufedb\ufed2 \u0648 \ufe9f\ufeaa\u0627\u0631 \ufea7\ufe8e\u0631\ufe9f\ufef0 \ufe91\ufef4\ufee8\ufef0\u060c \ufeb3\ufed8\ufed2 \u062f\ufeeb\ufe8e\u0646 \ufeb7\ufeae\ufedb\ufe96 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufedb\ufee8\ufeaa.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648 \ufebb\ufed4\ufea4\ufeea \ufecb\ufee4\ufeee\u062f \ufe91\ufeae \ufeeb\ufee2 \ufe97\ufeb8\ufedc\ufef4\ufede \ufeb7\ufeaa\u0647 \ufedb\ufeea \u062f\u0631 \ufee3\ufed8\ufec4\ufeca \ufe91\ufeea \ufeb7\ufedc\ufede\u00a0L\u00a0\ufee3\ufef0 \ufe91\ufe8e\ufeb7\ufeaa \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \ufee7\ufe98\ufef4\ufea0\ufeea \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064a \ufef3\ufeda \ufebb\ufed4\ufea4\ufeea \ufecb\ufee4\ufeee\u062f\u064a \u0648 \ufef3\ufeda \ufebb\ufed4\ufea4\ufeea \u0627\ufed3\ufed8\ufef0 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96. \ufebb\ufed4\ufea4\ufeea \ufecb\ufee4\ufeee\u062f\u064a \u0622\u0646 \ufb7c\ufeec\ufe8e\u0631\ufb94\ufeee\u0634 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \u062f\u0627\ufea7\ufee0\ufef0 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \ufe97\ufeb8\ufedc\ufef4\ufede \ufe9f\ufeaa\u0627\u0631 \ufea7\ufe8e\u0631\ufe9f\ufef0 \ufe91\ufef4\ufee8\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufeae\ufedb\ufe96 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufedb\ufee8\ufeaa \u0648 \ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \ufea7\ufe8e\u0631\ufe9f\ufef0 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \ufe97\ufeb8\ufedc\ufef4\ufede \ufea3\ufed4\ufeae\u0647 \ufb58\ufe98\ufeae\ufef3\ufb95\ufeee\ufb58\ufe8e\ufefb\ufe97\ufef4\ufee6 \ufeb7\ufeae\ufedb\ufe96 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f (\ufea3\ufed4\ufeae\u0647 \ufe97\ufeae\ufef3\ufb95\ufeee \ufb58\ufe8e\ufefb\ufe97\ufef4\ufee6 \ufee3\ufe8e\ufe91\ufef4\ufee6 \u0632\u0648\u0627\ufe8b\ufeaa \ufe97\ufeae\ufef3\ufb95\ufeee\ufe8b\ufef4\ufeaa \u0627\ufeb3\ufed4\ufee8\ufeee\ufe8b\ufef4\ufeaa \u062f\u0631 \ufecb\ufed8\ufe90 \u0648 \ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \ufea7\ufee0\ufed4\ufef0 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufee3\ufe8e\ufb94\ufeb0\ufef3\ufefc \u062f\u0631 \ufe9f\ufee0\ufeee \u0648\u0627\ufed7\ufeca \ufeb7\ufeaa\u0647 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96. \ufebb\ufed4\ufea4\ufeea \u0627\ufed3\ufed8\ufef0 \ufb58\ufe8e\ufefb\ufe97\ufef4\ufee6 \ufef3\ufeda \ufb7c\ufeec\ufe8e\u0631\u0645 \ufea7\ufee0\ufed4\ufef0 \ufedb\ufe8e\u0645 \ufeb3\ufea8\ufe96 \u0631\u0627 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb3\ufe8e\u0632\u062f.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufeeb\ufe8e\u0649 \ufeb7\ufe8e\ufea7\ufeda \ufe97\ufea4\ufe98\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef2 <\/strong>(Inferior nasal concha)<\/h4>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\ufeeb\ufeae \ufef3\ufeda \u0627\u0632 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufeeb\ufe8e \ufe91\ufeea \ufebb\ufeee\u0631\u062a \ufef3\ufeda \ufe97\ufef4\ufed0\ufeea \ufea7\ufee4\ufef4\ufeaa\u0647 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96<\/li>\n<li>\ufe91\ufeea \ufec3\ufeee\u0631 \u0627\ufed3\ufed8\ufef0 \u062f\u0631 \ufe9f\ufeaa\u0627\u0631 \ufea7\ufe8e\u0631\ufe9f\ufef0 \ufea3\ufed4\ufeae\u0647 \ufe91\ufef4\ufee8\ufef0 \ufed7\ufeae\u0627\u0631 \ufb94\ufeae\ufed3\ufe98\ufeea \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96<\/li>\n<li>\ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \u062f\u0627\ufea7\ufee0\ufef0 \u0622\u0646 \ufee3\ufea4\ufeaa\u0628 \u0648 \ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \ufea7\ufe8e\u0631\ufe9f\ufef0 \u0622\u0646 \ufee3\ufed8\ufecc\ufeae \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\ufee3\ufe8c\ufe8e\ufe97\ufeee\u0633:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ufed7\ufeb4\ufee4\ufe98\ufef0 \u0627\u0632 \ufed3\ufec0\ufe8e\u064a \ufe91\ufef4\ufee8\ufef0 \u0631\u0627 \ufee3\ufea4\ufeaa\u0648\u062f \ufee3\ufef0 \ufedb\ufee8\ufeaa \ufe91\ufee8\ufe8e\u0645 \ufee3\ufe8c\ufe8e\ufe97\ufeee\u0633 \ufe97\ufea4\ufe98\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 (inferior meatus) \ufedb\ufeea \ufe91\ufeea \u0627\ufef3\ufee6 \ufed3\ufec0\ufe8e \ufee3\ufea0\ufeae\u0627\u064a \u0627\ufeb7\ufedc\ufef0 \ufe91\ufe8e\u0632 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufeee\u062f \u0648\ufedf\ufef0 \ufeb3\ufef4\ufee8\ufeee\u0633 \ufeeb\ufe8e\u064a \ufb58\ufe8e\u0631\u0627\ufee7\ufe8e\u0632\u0627\u0644 (\ufee3\ufea0\ufe8e\u0648\u0631 \ufe91\ufef4\ufee8\ufef0) \ufee3\ufe8e\ufb94\ufeb0\ufef3\ufefc\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\ufe97\ufee4\ufeee\ufe8b\ufef4\ufeaa\u0627\u0644 \ufed7\ufeaa\u0627\ufee3\ufef0 \u0648 \ufee3\ufef4\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \u0648 \ufb58\ufef4\ufeb8\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \ufe91\ufeea \ufee3\ufe8c\ufe8e\ufe97\ufeee\u0633 \ufee3\ufef4\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0\u060c \ufeb3\ufef4\ufee8\ufeee\u0633 \u0627\ufe97\ufee4\ufeee\ufe8b\ufef4\ufeaa\u0627\u0644 \ufea7\ufee0\ufed4\ufef0 \ufe91\ufeea \ufee3\ufe8c\ufe8e\ufe97\ufeee\u0633 \ufed3\ufeee\ufed7\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \u0648 \ufeb3\ufef4\ufee8\ufeee\u0633 \u0627\ufeb3\ufed4\ufee8\ufeee\ufe8b\ufef4\ufeaa \ufe91\ufeea \u0631\ufeb3\ufeb2 (\ufe91\ufee6 \ufe91\ufeb4\ufe96) \u0627\ufeb3\ufed4\ufee8\ufeee\u0627\ufe97\ufee4\ufeee\ufe8b\ufef4\ufeaa\u0627\u0644 \ufe91\ufe8e\u0632 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufeee\u062f.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufeeb\ufe8e\u0649 \u0627\ufeb7\ufedc\ufef2<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>(lacrimal)<strong>:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufeeb\ufe8e\u064a \ufefb\ufedb\ufeae\ufef3\ufee4\ufe8e\u0644\u060c \ufedb\ufeee\ufb7c\ufedc\ufe98\ufeae\ufef3\ufee6 \u0648 \ufea7\ufeae\u062f \ufeb7\ufeee\ufee7\ufeaa\u0647 \ufe97\ufeae\ufef3\ufee6 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufeeb\ufe8e\u064a \ufe9f\ufee4\ufea0\ufee4\ufeea \ufeeb\ufeb4\ufe98\ufee8\ufeaa \ufeeb\ufeae \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufefb\ufedb\ufeae\ufef3\ufee4\ufe8e\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \ufb94\ufeee\ufeb7\ufeea \u062f\u0627\ufea7\ufee0\ufef0 \ufb7c\ufeb8\ufee2 \ufe91\ufef4\ufee6 \ufe97\ufeee\u062f\u0647 \ufec3\ufeae\ufed3\ufef0 \u0627\ufe97\ufee4\ufeee\ufe8b\ufef4\ufeaa \u0648 \u0632\u0627\ufe8b\ufeaa\u0647 \ufed3\ufeae\u0648\ufee7\ufe98\ufe8e\u0644 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufee3\ufe8e\ufb94\ufeb0\ufef3\ufefc \ufed7\ufeae\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ufeb7\ufe8e\ufee3\ufede \u062f\u0648 \ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \u062f\u0627\ufea7\ufee0\ufef0 \u0648 \ufea7\ufe8e\u0631\ufe9f\ufef0 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96 \u062f\u0631 \ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \ufea7\ufe8e\u0631\ufe9f\ufef0 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064a \ufee7\ufe8e\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \ufecb\ufee4\ufeee\u062f\u064a \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96 \ufedb\ufeea \ufe9f\ufe8e\ufef3\ufb95\ufe8e\u0647 \ufedb\ufef4\ufeb4\ufeea \u0627\ufeb7\ufedc\ufef0 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96 \u0648 \ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \u062f\u0627\ufea7\ufee0\ufef0 \u0622\u0646 \ufed7\ufeb4\ufee4\ufe98\ufef0 \u0627\u0632 \ufe9f\ufeaa\u0627\u0631 \ufea7\ufe8e\u0631\ufe9f\ufef0 \ufe91\ufef4\ufee8\ufef0 \u0631\u0627 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb3\ufe8e\u0632\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufeeb\ufe8e\u0649\ufe91\ufef4\ufee8\ufef0\u00a0:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufeeb\ufe8e\u064a \ufe91\ufef4\ufee8\ufef0 \u062f\u0648 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufedb\ufeee\ufb7c\ufeda \u0648 \ufb7c\ufeec\ufe8e\u0631\ufb94\ufeee\ufeb7\ufee8\ufeaa<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u0627\ufef3\ufee6 \u062f\u0648 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufb58\ufeec\ufee0\ufeee\u064a \ufeeb\ufee2 \u0648 \ufee3\ufe8e\ufe91\ufef4\ufee6 \u0632\u0627\ufe8b\ufeaa\u0647 \u0627\u064a \ufed3\ufeae\u0648\ufee7\ufe98\ufe8e\u0644 \ufee3\ufe8e\ufb94\ufeb0\ufef3\ufefc \ufed7\ufeae\u0627\u0631 \ufb94\ufeae\ufed3\ufe98\ufeea \u0627\ufee7\ufeaa<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u0627\ufe97\ufebc\ufe8e\u0644 \u0622\ufee7\ufeec\ufe8e \ufe91\ufeec\ufee2 \ufb58\ufede \ufe91\ufef4\ufee8\ufef0 \u0631\u0627 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb3\ufe8e\u0632\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufe97\ufef4\ufed0\ufeea \u0627\u0649<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>:(Vomer)<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ufe91\ufebc\ufeee\u0631\u062a \ufef3\ufeda \ufe97\ufef4\ufed0\ufeea \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\ufee7\ufef0 \ufee7\ufe8e\u0632\u0643 \u0630\u0648\u0632\ufee7\ufed8\ufeea \u0627\u064a \ufeb7\ufedc\ufede \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96 \ufedb\ufeea \ufed7\ufeb4\ufee4\ufe96 \ufea7\ufee0\ufed4\ufef0 \ufe97\ufea4\ufe98\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \ufe97\ufef4\ufed0\ufeea \ufee3\ufef4\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \ufe91\ufef4\ufee8\ufef0 \u0631\u0627 \ufe97\ufeb8\ufedc\ufef4\ufede \ufee3\ufef0 \u062f\ufeeb\ufeaa. \ufe97\ufef4\ufed0\ufeea \ufe91\ufef4\ufee8\ufef0 \ufe97\ufeee\ufeb3\ufec2 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufeeb\ufe8e\u064a \u0648\ufee3\ufeae \u0648 \ufebb\ufed4\ufea4\ufeea \ufecb\ufee4\ufeee\u062f\u064a \u0627\ufe97\ufee4\ufeee\ufe8b\ufef4\ufeaa \u0648 \ufecf\ufec0\ufeae\u0648\ufed3\ufef0 \ufe97\ufef4\ufed0\ufeea \ufe91\ufef4\ufee8\ufef0 \ufe97\ufeb8\ufedc\ufef4\ufede \ufee3\ufef0 \ufb94\ufeae\u062f\u062f \u0648 \ufea3\ufed4\ufeae\u0647 \ufeeb\ufe8e\u064a \u0631\u0627\ufeb3\ufe96 \u0648 \ufb7c\ufb57 \ufe91\ufef4\ufee8\ufef0 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \ufeeb\ufee2 \ufe9f\ufeaa\u0627 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufedb\ufee8\ufeaa.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufeeb\ufe8e\u0649 \ufb94\ufeee\ufee7\ufeea<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>:(Zygomatic)<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ufeeb\ufeae \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufb94\ufeee\ufee7\ufeea \ufecb\ufefc\u0648\u0647 \ufe91\ufeae \ufe97\ufeb8\ufedc\ufef4\ufede \ufe91\ufeae\ufe9f\ufeb4\ufe98\ufb95\ufef0 \ufb94\ufeee\ufee7\ufeea \u0648 \ufe9f\ufeaa\u0627\u0631 \ufea7\ufe8e\u0631\ufe9f\ufef0 \u0648 \ufedb\ufed2 \u0627\u0648\u0631\ufe91\ufef4\ufe96 \u062f\u0631 \ufe97\ufeb8\ufedc\ufef4\ufede \ufea3\ufed4\ufeae\u0647 \ufeeb\ufe8e\u064a \ufe97\ufee4\ufb59\ufeee\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\ufef3\ufee8\ufed4\ufeae\u0627\ufe97\ufee4\ufb59\ufeee\u0631\u0627\u0644 \ufeeb\ufee2 \ufeb7\ufeae\ufedb\ufe96 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufedb\ufee8\ufee8\ufeaa:<\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\ufeeb\ufeae \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufe97\ufed8\ufeae\ufef3\ufe92\ufe8e \ufb7c\ufeec\ufe8e\u0631\ufb94\ufeee\u0634 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064a \ufeb3\ufeea \ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \u0648 \u062f\u0648 \u0632\u0627\ufe8b\ufeaa\u0647 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufe91\ufe8e\ufeb7\ufeaa<\/li>\n<li>\ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \ufea7\ufe8e\u0631\ufe9f\ufef0 \u0622\u0646 \ufee3\ufea4\ufeaa\u0628 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \ufb94\ufef4\ufea0\ufb95\ufe8e\ufeeb\ufef0 \u0622\u0646 \ufee3\ufed8\ufecc\ufeae<\/li>\n<li>\ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \u0627\u0648\u0631\ufe91\ufef4\ufe98\ufe8e\u0644 \u0622\u0646 \ufebb\ufe8e\u0641 \u0648 \ufee3\ufed8\ufecc\ufeae \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96<\/li>\n<li>\ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \u0627\u0648\u0631\ufe91\ufef4\ufe98\ufe8e\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \ufe97\ufeb8\ufedc\ufef4\ufede \ufedb\ufed2 \u0648 \ufe9f\ufeaa\u0627\u0631 \ufea7\ufe8e\u0631\ufe9f\ufef0 \u0627\u0648\u0631\ufe91\ufef4\ufe96 \ufeb7\ufeae\ufedb\ufe96 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufedb\ufee8\ufeaa.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0632\u0627\ufe8b\ufeaa\u0647 \ufed3\ufeae\u0648\ufee7\ufe98\ufe8e\u0644 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \ufe91\ufe8e\ufefb \ufe91\ufe8e \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufed3\ufeae\u0648\ufee7\ufe98\ufe8e\u0644 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \ufecb\ufed8\ufe90 \ufe91\ufe8e \ufe91\ufe8e\u0644 \u0627\ufeb3\ufed4\ufee8\ufeee\ufe8b\ufef4\ufeaa \ufee3\ufed4\ufebc\ufede \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufeee\u062f. \u0632\u0627\ufe8b\ufeaa\u0647 \ufe97\ufee4\ufb59\ufeee\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0622\u0646 \ufee3\ufe98\ufeee\ufe9f\ufeea \ufecb\ufed8\ufe90 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96 \u0648 \ufe91\ufe8e \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufe97\ufee4\ufb59\ufeee\u0631\u0627\u0644 \ufee3\ufed4\ufebc\ufede \ufeb7\ufeaa\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \ufe97\ufeb8\ufedc\ufef4\ufede \ufed7\ufeee\u0633 \ufb94\ufeee\ufee7\ufeea \u0627\u064a \ufeb7\ufeae\ufedb\ufe96 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufedb\ufee8\ufeaa.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \u0622\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u062c\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0647\/ \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufed3\ufeda \ufe97\ufea4\ufe98\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef2<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>:(Mandible)<\/h4>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\ufee3\ufee8\ufeaa\ufef3\ufe92\ufede \ufe91\ufeb0\u0631\ufb94\ufe98\ufeae\ufef3\ufee6 \u0648 \ufed7\ufeee\u064a \ufe97\ufeae\ufef3\ufee6 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufebb\ufeee\u0631\u062a \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96<\/li>\n<li>\ufe91\ufeea \ufe97\ufee8\ufeec\ufe8e\ufef3\ufef0 \u0622\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647 \ufe97\ufea4\ufe98\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \u0631\u0627 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb3\ufe8e\u0632\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\ufe91\ufe8e \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufe97\ufee4\ufb59\ufeee\u0631\u0627\u0644 \ufee3\ufed4\ufebc\ufede \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufeee\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064a \ufef3\ufeda \ufe97\ufee8\ufeea \u0627\ufed3\ufed8\ufef0 \ufee7\ufecc\ufee0\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufedc\ufede \ufe91\ufe8e \ufe97\ufea4\ufeaa\u0628 \ufed7\ufeaa\u0627\ufee3\ufef0 \u0648 \u062f\u0648 \ufeb7\ufe8e\ufea7\ufeea \ufb58\ufeec\ufee6 \ufe91\ufeea \ufee7\ufe8e\u0645 \u0631\u0627\ufee3\ufeee\u0633 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96<\/li>\n<li>\u00a0\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648 \u0627\ufee7\ufe98\ufeec\ufe8e\u064a \ufea7\ufee0\ufed4\ufef0 \ufe97\ufee8\ufeea \ufe91\ufeea \ufec3\ufeae\u0641 \ufe91\ufe8e\ufefb \ufebb\ufecc\ufeee\u062f \ufee3\ufef0 \ufedb\ufee8\ufeaa.<\/li>\n<li>\ufe97\ufee8\ufeea \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064a \u062f\u0648 \ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \ufed7\ufeaa\u0627\ufee3\ufef0 \u0648 \ufea7\ufee0\ufed4\ufef0 \u0648 \u062f\u0648 \ufedb\ufee8\ufe8e\u0631 \ufed3\ufeee\ufed7\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \u0648 \ufe97\ufea4\ufe98\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0631 \ufed7\ufeb4\ufee4\ufe96 \ufe97\ufea4\ufe98\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \ufed7\ufeaa\u0627\ufee3\ufef0 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064a \ufe91\ufeae\u0622\ufee3\ufeaa\ufb94\ufef0 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96 \ufe91\ufee8\ufe8e\u0645 \ufe91\ufeae\u0622\ufee3\ufeaa\ufb94\ufef0 \ufb7c\ufe8e\ufee7\ufeea \u0627\u064a (Mental proutuberance) \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u062f\u0631 \ufb58\ufe8e\ufef3\ufef4\ufee6 \u062f\u0648\ufee3\ufef4\ufee6 \u062f\ufee7\ufeaa\u0627\u0646 \u0622\ufeb3\ufef4\ufe8e\u064a \ufedb\ufeee\ufb7c\ufeda \ufef3\ufe8e \u062f\u0631 \ufb58\ufe8e\ufef3\ufef4\ufee6 \ufed3\ufe8e\ufebb\ufee0\ufeea \ufe91\ufef4\ufee6 \u062f\u0648 \u062f\ufee7\ufeaa\u0627\u0646 \u0622\ufeb3\ufef4\ufe8e\u064a \ufedb\ufeee\ufb7c\ufeda \ufeb3\ufeee\u0631\u0627\u062e \ufb7c\ufe8e\ufee7\ufeea \u0627\u064a (Mental foramen) \ufed7\ufeae\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631 \ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \ufea7\ufee0\ufed4\ufef0 \u0622\u0646 \ufef3\ufeda \ufea7\ufec2 \ufee3\ufe8e\ufef3\ufede \ufe91\ufeea \ufee7\ufe8e\u0645 \ufea7\ufec2 \ufee3\ufef4\ufee0\ufeee\ufeeb\ufef4\ufeee\ufe8b\ufef4\ufeaa \ufed7\ufeae\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \ufedb\ufeea \u0627\ufef3\ufee6 \ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \u0631\u0627 \ufe91\ufeea \u062f\u0648 \ufe91\ufea8\ufeb6 \ufed7\ufeaa\u0627\ufee3\ufef0 \ufea3\ufed4\ufeae\u0647 \u0632\ufef3\ufeae \u0632\ufe91\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 (Sublingual fossa) \u0648 \ufe97\ufea4\ufe98\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \ufea3\ufed4\ufeae\u0647 \ufe97\ufea4\ufe96 \ufed3\ufedc\ufef0 \ufe97\ufed8\ufeb4\ufef4\ufee2 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufedb\ufee8\ufeaa\u060c\u0627\ufef3\ufee6 \ufea3\ufed4\ufeae\u0627\u062a \ufe91\ufeea \ufe97\ufeae\ufe97\ufef4\ufe90 \ufee3\ufea4\ufede \ufed7\ufeae\u0627\u0631\ufb94\ufef4\ufeae\u064a \ufecf\ufeaa\u062f \ufe91\ufeb0\u0627\ufed7\ufef0 \u0632\ufef3\ufeae \u0632\ufe91\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \u0648 \ufe97\ufea4\ufe96 \ufed3\ufedc\ufef0 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong> \ufedb\ufee8\ufe8e\u0631 \ufed3\ufeee\ufed7\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \ufef3\ufe8e \ufe91\ufea8\ufeb6 \u0622\ufedf\ufeee\ufe8b\ufeee\ufefb\u0631:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\ufeb7\ufe8e\ufee3\ufede \ufeb7\ufe8e\ufee7\ufeb0\u062f\u0647 \ufea3\ufed4\ufeae\u0647 \ufef3\ufe8e \u0622\ufedf\ufeee\ufe8b\ufeee\u0644 \ufe91\ufeae\u0627\u064a \u0631\ufef3\ufeb8\ufeea \u062f\ufee7\ufeaa\u0627\ufee7\ufeec\ufe8e\ufeb3\ufe96.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0632 \ufee7\ufec8\ufeae \u0627\ufee7\ufeaa\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0648 \ufecb\ufee4\ufed6 \ufe91\ufe8e \ufeeb\ufee2 \ufee3\ufe98\ufed4\ufe8e\u0648\ufe97\ufee8\ufeaa.<\/li>\n<li>\ufedb\ufee8\ufe8e\u0631 \ufe97\ufea4\ufe98\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \ufe97\ufee8\ufeea \u0631\u0627 \ufed7\ufe8e\ufecb\ufeaa\u0647 \ufee3\ufee8\ufeaa\ufef3\ufe92\ufede \ufeeb\ufee2 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufee7\ufe8e\ufee3\ufee8\ufeaa<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\ufee3\ufe98\ufeaa\u0627\u062f \ufedb\ufee8\ufe8e\u0631 \ufe97\ufea4\ufe98\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \u0631\u0627\ufee3\ufeee\u0633 \ufed7\ufeae\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0631\u0627\ufee3\ufeee\u0633 (\ufeb7\ufe8e\ufea7\ufeea \ufebb\ufecc\ufeee\u062f\u064a):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li>\ufee3\ufee8\ufeaa\ufef3\ufe92\ufede \ufe91\ufeea \ufebb\ufeee\u0631\u062a \ufef3\ufeda \ufebb\ufed4\ufea4\ufeea \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\ufee7\ufef0 \ufe97\ufea8\ufe96 \u0648 \ufb7c\ufeec\ufe8e\u0631\ufb94\ufeee\u0634 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064a \u062f\u0648 \ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \ufea7\ufe8e\u0631\ufe9f\ufef0 \u0648 \u062f\u0627\ufea7\ufee0\ufef0 \u0648 \u062f\u0648 \u0632\u0627\ufe8b\ufeaa\u0647 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96<\/li>\n<li>\ufeb3\ufec4\ufea4\ufef0 \ufea7\ufe8e\u0631\ufe9f\ufef0 \u0631\u0627\ufee3\ufeee\u0633 \ufee3\ufea4\ufede \u0627\ufe97\ufebc\ufe8e\u0644 \ufecb\ufec0\ufee0\ufeea \ufee3\ufe8e\ufeb3\ufe98\ufeae (\ufee3\ufe8e\ufebf\ufed0\ufeea) \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96<\/li>\n<li>\ufedb\ufee4\ufef0 \ufe91\ufe8e\ufefb\ufe97\ufeae \u0627\u0632 \ufee7\ufed8\ufec4\ufeea \ufee3\ufeae\ufedb\ufeb0\u064a \ufeb3\ufec4\ufea2 \u062f\u0627\ufea7\ufee0\ufef0 \u0631\u0627\ufee3\ufeee\u0633\u060c \ufeb3\ufeee\u0631\u0627\u062e \ufee3\ufee8\ufeaa\ufef3\ufe92\ufeee\ufefb\u0631 (Mandibular foramen) \ufed7\ufeae\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\ufef3\ufee6 \ufeb3\ufeee\u0631\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \ufee3\ufea0\ufeae\u0627\u064a \ufee3\ufee8\ufeaa\ufef3\ufe92\ufeee\ufefb\u0631 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufb94\ufeae\u062f\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\ufee3\ufea0\ufeae\u0627\u064a \ufee3\ufee8\ufeaa\ufef3\ufe92\ufeee\ufefb\u0631:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ufee3\ufea0\ufeae\u0627\u064a \ufee3\ufee8\ufeaa\ufef3\ufe92\ufeee\ufefb\u0631 \ufb58\ufeb2 \u0627\u0632 \ufecb\ufe92\ufeee\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \ufebf\ufea8\ufe8e\ufee3\ufe96 \ufe97\ufee8\ufeea \ufee3\ufee8\ufeaa\ufef3\ufe92\ufede \u0627\u0632 \ufeb3\ufeee\u0631\u0627\u062e \ufb7c\ufe8e\ufee7\ufeea \u0627\u064a \ufe91\ufea8\ufe8e\u0631\u062c \ufe91\ufe8e\u0632 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufeee\u062f. \ufedb\ufee8\ufe8e\u0631 \ufed3\ufeee\ufed7\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \u0631\u0627\ufee3\ufeee\u0633 \ufee7\ufe8e\u0632\u0643 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96 \u0648 \ufe91\ufeea \ufebb\ufeee\u0631\u062a \ufef3\ufeda \ufe91\ufeae\ufef3\ufeaa\ufb94\ufef0 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96 \ufedb\ufeea \u062f\u0631 \ufe9f\ufee0\ufeee \ufe97\ufeee\ufeb3\ufec2 \u0632\u0627\ufe8b\ufeaa\u0647\ufee3\ufee8\ufed8\ufe8e\u0631\u064a (Coronoid) \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \ufecb\ufed8\ufe90 \ufe97\ufeee\ufeb3\ufec2 \u0632\u0627\ufe8b\ufeaa\u0647 \ufedb\ufeee\ufee7\ufeaa\ufef3\ufefc\u0631 \ufee3\ufea4\ufeaa\u0648\u062f \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufeee\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\ufe91\ufeea \u0632\u0627\ufe8b\ufeaa\u0647 \ufedb\ufeee\u0631\ufee7\ufeee\ufe8b\ufef4\ufeaa \ufecb\ufec0\ufee0\ufeea \ufe97\ufee4\ufb59\ufeee\u0631\u0627\ufedf\ufef4\ufeb2 \ufee3\ufe98\ufebc\ufede \ufee3\ufef0\ufeb7\ufeee\u062f \u0648 \u0632\u0627\ufe8b\ufeaa\u0647 \ufedb\ufeee\ufee7\ufeaa\ufef3\ufefc\u0631 \ufe91\ufe8e \ufea3\ufed4\ufeae\u0647 \ufee3\ufee8\ufeaa\ufef3\ufe92\ufeee\ufefb\u0631 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufe97\ufee4\ufb59\ufeee\u0631\u0627\u0644 \ufee3\ufed4\ufebc\ufede \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufeee\u062f \u0648 \ufee3\ufed4\ufebc\ufede \ufe97\ufee4\ufb59\ufeee\u0631\u0648\ufee3\ufe8e\ufee7\ufeaa\ufef3\ufe92\ufeee\ufefb\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \ufe91\ufeea \u0648\ufe9f\ufeee\u062f \ufee3\ufef0 \u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f \ufedb\ufeea \ufee3\ufee8\ufeaa\ufef3\ufe92\ufede \ufea3\ufeee\u0644 \u0627\ufef3\ufee6 \ufee3\ufea4\ufeee\u0631 \ufe91\ufe8e\u0632 \u0648 \ufe91\ufeb4\ufe98\ufeea \ufee3\ufef0 \ufeb7\ufeee\u062f.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>\u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufefb\ufee3\ufef2<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>(Hyoid)<\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\ufee7\ufef0 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96 \ufeb7\ufe92\ufef4\ufeea\u00a0U\u00a0\ufedb\ufeea \u062f\u0631 \u0632\ufef3\ufeae \u0632\ufe91\ufe8e\u0646 \u0648 \ufe91\ufe8e\ufefb\u064a \ufea3\ufee8\ufea0\ufeae\u0647 \ufed7\ufeae\u0627\u0631 \ufb94\ufeae\ufed3\ufe98\ufeea \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96 \ufeb7\ufe8e\ufee3\ufede \ufe97\ufee8\ufeea\u060c \u062f\u0648 \ufeb7\ufe8e\u062e \ufe91\ufeb0\u0631\u06af \u0648 \u062f\u0648 \ufeb7\ufe8e\u062e \ufedb\ufeee\ufb7c\ufeda \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96. \ufe97\ufee8\ufeea \ufe97\ufed8\ufeae\ufef3\ufe92\ufe8e\u064b \ufb7c\ufeec\ufe8e\u0631\ufb94\ufeee\u0634 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe96 \u0648 \ufeeb\ufeae \ufeb7\ufe8e\u062e \ufe91\ufeb0\u0631\u06af \u0627\u0632 \ufed7\ufeb4\ufee4\ufe96 \ufec3\ufeae\ufed3\ufef0 \ufe97\ufee8\ufeea \ufe91\ufeea \ufec3\ufeae\u0641 \ufecb\ufed8\ufe90 \u0627\ufee3\ufe98\ufeaa\u0627\u062f \ufee3\ufef0 \ufef3\ufe8e\ufe91\ufeaa \u0648 \ufeeb\ufeae \ufeb7\ufe8e\u062e \ufedb\ufeee\ufb7c\ufeda \ufee7\ufef4\ufeb0 \u062f\u0631 \ufed7\ufeb4\ufee4\ufe96 \ufed7\ufeaa\u0627\ufee3\ufef0 \ufed3\ufeee\ufed7\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \ufe97\ufee8\ufeea \ufe91\ufe8e \ufeb7\ufe8e\u062e \ufe91\ufeb0\u0631\u06af \ufed7\ufeae\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.\ufeeb\ufee4\ufb7d\ufee8\ufef4\ufee6 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646 \ufeeb\ufeae \ufef3\ufeda \u0627\u0632 \ufb94\ufeee\u0634 \ufee3\ufef4\ufe8e\ufee7\ufef0 \ufeb3\ufeea \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufb7c\ufedc\ufeb8\ufef0\u060c \ufeb3\ufee8\ufeaa\u0627\ufee7\ufef0 \u0648 \u0631\ufedb\ufe8e\ufe91\ufef0 \u0648\ufe9f\ufeee\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \ufedb\ufeea \ufeeb\ufee4\ufeae\u0627\u0647 \ufeb3\ufe8e\ufea7\ufe98\ufee4\ufe8e\u0646 \ufb94\ufeee\u0634 \ufe91\ufeae\u0631\ufeb3\ufef0 \ufee3\ufef0 \ufb94\ufeae\u062f\u062f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0622\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u062c\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0647 \u060c\ufe9f\ufee4\ufea0\ufee4\ufeea \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648 \ufe91\ufea8\ufeb6 \ufef3\ufedc\ufef0 \ufedb\ufeae\u0627\ufee7\ufef4\ufeee\u0645 (\ufedb\ufeea \ufee3\ufed0\ufeb0 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \ufe91\ufeae \ufee3\ufef0 \ufb94\ufef4\ufeae\u062f) \u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0627\ufeb3\ufe98\ufea8\ufeee\u0627\u0646 \ufeeb\ufe8e\u064a \ufebb\ufeee\u0631\u062a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3323,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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